abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper measures trends in global interpersonal inequality during 1975\textendash{}2010 using data from the most recent version of the World Income Inequality Database (WIID). The picture that emerges using `absolute,' and even `centrist' measures of inequality, is very different from the results obtained using standard `relative' inequality measures such as the Gini coefficient or Coefficient of Variation. Relative global inequality has declined substantially over the decades. In contrast, `absolute' inequality, as captured by the Standard Deviation and Absolute Gini, has increased considerably and unabated. Like these `absolute' measures, our `centrist' inequality indicators, the Krtscha measure and an intermediate Gini, also register a pronounced increase in global inequality, albeit, in the case of the latter, with a decline during 2005 to 2010. A critical question posed by our findings is whether increased levels of inequality according to absolute and centrist measures are inevitable at today's per capita income levels. Our analysis suggests that it is not possible for absolute inequality to return to 1975 levels without further convergence in mean incomes among countries. Inequality, as captured by centrist measures such as the Krtscha, could return to 1975 levels, at today's domestic and global per capita income levels, but this would require quite dramatic structural reforms to reduce domestic inequality levels in most countries.</jats:p>},
author = {Ni\~{n}o-Zaraz\'{u}a, Miguel and Roope, Laurence and Tarp, Finn},
doi = {10.1111/roiw.12240},
issue = {4},
journal = {Review of Income and Wealth},
language = {en},
month = {12},
pages = {661--684},
publisher = {Wiley},
tags = {['miguel', 'vertical', 'definitions']},
title = {Global Inequality: Relatively Lower, Absolutely Higher},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12240},
volume = {63},
year = {2017},
}
@article{Plotnick1982conceptmeasurement,
author = {Plotnick, Robert},
doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(82)90071-8},
issue = {3},
journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
language = {en},
month = {4},
pages = {373--391},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
tags = {['miguel', 'horizontal', 'definitions']},
title = {The concept and measurement of horizontal inequity},
title = {Follow-up to the resolution concerning inequalities and the world of work: Comprehensive and integrated ILO strategy to reduce and prevent inequalities in the world of work},
year = {2022},
}
@techreport{ilo2013,
author = {ILO},
institution = {International Labour Organization},
abstract = {<jats:p> As normally measured, \textquotedblleft{}global inequality\textquotedblright{} is the relative inequality of incomes found among all people in the world no matter where they live. Francois Bourguignon and Branko Milanovic have written insightful and timely books on global inequality, emphasizing the role of globalization. The books are complementary: Milanovic provides an ambitious broad-brush picture, with some intriguing hypotheses on the processes at work; Bourguignon provides a deep and suitably qualified economic analysis. This paper questions the thesis of both books\textemdash{}that globalization has been a major driving force of inequality between or within countries. The paper also questions the robustness of the evidence for declining global inequality, and notes some conceptual limitations of standard measures in capturing the concerns of many observers in the ongoing debates about globalization and the policy responses. ( JEL D31, D63, E25, F61, F63) </jats:p>},
author = {Ravallion, Martin},
doi = {10.1257/jel.20171419},
issue = {2},
journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
language = {en},
month = {6},
pages = {620--642},
publisher = {American Economic Association},
tags = {['miguel', 'vertical', 'definitions']},
title = {Inequality and Globalization: A Review Essay},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171419},
volume = {56},
year = {2018},
}
@book{Silber2012handbookincome,
author = {Silber, Jacques},
isbn = {9789401144131},
language = {},
publisher = {Springer London, Limited},
tags = {['miguel', 'horizontal', 'definitions']},
title = {Handbook of Income Inequality Measurement},
