Marty Oehme
d29dd03a22
Added main findings for structural policies. Moved environmentally-focused infrastructure projects into structural (infrastructure) policies since they are not in fact institutional policies.
2.5 KiB
2.5 KiB
| 1 | area of policy | findings | channels | studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | trade liberalisation | evidence for slightly negative effects on income equality | highly dependent on targeting/micro-economic factors | Xu2021;Khan2021;Liyanaarachchi2016;Rendall2013 |
| 3 | evidence for reduction of absolute poverty | Rendall2013;Liyanaarachchi2016 | ||
| 4 | mixed evidence for effect of FDI on long-term income equality | requires incentive structure to directly connect local business with outside economies | Adams2015;Xu2021 | |
| 5 | fiscal policies | evidence for wage/firm subsidies increasing income equality | effective targeting crucial to reach disadvantaged sectors | Wang2020;Go2010;Rendall2013 |
| 6 | wage subsidy increases formal employment but can lead to wage compression | Go2010;Cieplinski2021 | ||
| 7 | evidence for wage/firm subsidies to reduce absolute poverty | lifting of credit constraints through income gains | Go2010 | |
| 8 | technological change | evidence for legal contraceptive access increasing gender income equality | educational attainment, occupational upgrading and later labour market exit | Bailey2012 |
| 9 | infrastructure | evidence for increase in spatial equality | increased employment probability through large-scale rural energy projects | Kuriyama2021 |
| 10 | mixed evidence for increase of existing inequalities | elite policy capture can exacerbate existing social exclusion & disadvantages | Kuriyama2021;Stock2021 | |
| 11 | mixed evidence for transport infrastructure effects on income inequality | deficit-/tariff-financing can exacerbate spatia inequality | Blumenberg2014;Adam2018 | |
| 12 | access to education | evidence for increasing income equality | human capital building | Adams2015;Bailey2012;Pi2016;Suh2017 |
| 13 | evidence for increasing gender and spatial income equality | gendered occupational upgrading can decrease gender pay gap | Xu2021;Mukhopadhaya2003;Pi2016;Bailey2012;Suh2017 | |
| 14 | evidence for increased employment equality for people with disabilities | increased employment probability and hours worked | Shepherd-Banigan2021;Gates2000;Poppen2017;Thoresen2021;Rosen2014 |