Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/eb29a4d0ab0b841c767ac9d4c541ec9e-pena-sanchez-antoni/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'The general objective of this work is to study the level of
+
+  socio-economic development of an economy as an explanatory factor for
+
+  public health expenditure. To do so, this general objective will be
+
+  broken down into three specific ones: firstly, the Spanish position in
+
+  terms of health expenditure in the countries of the Economic and
+
+  Monetary Union as a whole will be studied; secondly, the relationship
+
+  between public health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita will be
+
+  analysed; and thirdly, the level of convergence experienced by public
+
+  health expenditure at a regional level in the Spanish economy will be
+
+  studied.
+
+  This analysis allows us to observe whether territorial public spending
+
+  has evolved in a similar way in all Spanish regions, placing the
+
+  country''s inhabitants in the same situation in this respect, or if, on
+
+  the contrary, the evolution of health spending has been more unequal in
+
+  the period analysed. This would show whether disparities in health
+
+  expenditure are occurring between people living in the same country,
+
+  according to the region in which they reside, establishing a pattern
+
+  which allows us to distinguish whether health expenditure is and has
+
+  been greater in regions with a higher socio-economic level or the
+
+  opposite. In this way, it will be possible to define the level of
+
+  socio-economic development (measured by the GDP per capita) as a
+
+  determining factor of health expenditure per capita in all the Spanish
+
+  regions in the period analysed (in principle 2000-2018), since it covers
+
+  the last two decades and there is sufficient data to carry out a serious
+
+  and rigorous study.
+
+  The availability of databases on health expenditure implies that several
+
+  statistical sources can be used. The aim of this research was to have a
+
+  variety of statistical sources to enable a sufficiently long period of
+
+  time to be covered for the study to be focused on structural issues, and
+
+  not just on purely conjunctural aspects. This undoubtedly favours the
+
+  achievement of more rigorous and timely reflections in studies of this
+
+  type.
+
+  The statistical sources used in this paper are as follows: Satellite
+
+  Accounts on Public Health Expenditure (Ministry of Health, Consumption
+
+  and Social Welfare of the Government of Spain); Satellite Accounts on
+
+  Public Health Expenditure (Spanish Regional Accounts of the National
+
+  Statistics Institute); Data on Health, Dependency and Pensions
+
+  (Foundation for Applied Economic Studies); Public Health Expenditure
+
+  (Valencian Institute of Economic Research); General State Budgets
+
+  General Intervention of the State Administration (Ministry of Finance of
+
+  the Government of Spain); and Health Accounts System (Ministry of
+
+  Health, Consumption and Social Welfare of the Government of Spain); and
+
+  Macroeconomic Data (Expansion Edition).
+
+  With regard to the methodology used to address the proposed objectives,
+
+  in addition to the description of the data presented, based on a
+
+  territorial approach, the evolution of these variables and the possible
+
+  relationship between them will be analysed, based on the correlation
+
+  between them. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to establish the
+
+  link between territorial economic development and the level of regional
+
+  health expenditure by means of an econometric estimate. Similarly,
+
+  another attempt will be made to measure the evolution of existing
+
+  territorial disparities on the basis of indicators such as sigma
+
+  convergence, beta convergence, the Theil index, and other indices that
+
+  will make it possible to examine whether regional differences have been
+
+  reduced or, on the contrary, intensified in the period analysed.
+
+  An analysis of the evolution of public health expenditure per inhabitant
+
+  and its link with the level of socio-economic development of the Spanish
+
+  regions shows that the levels of public health expenditure per capita
+
+  and socio-economic development are closely linked in these regions. The
+
+  conclusions drawn from the study are presented below.
+
+  Public health expenditure is an aspect that has a relevant influence on
+
+  the whole population, so it guarantees equal opportunities and its
+
+  distribution undoubtedly allows for social and territorial cohesion. In
+
+  general, the public administrations of the countries with the highest
+
+  level of income in the Economic and Monetary Union tend to make a
+
+  greater effort to invest in public health, which may reflect the fact
+
+  that health expenditure is closely linked to the level of economic
+
+  development of the countries. Public health expenditure in Spain has
+
+  accounted for around 70\% of total public expenditure over the period
+
+  analysed, and is, therefore, an element that can be used by territorial
+
+  public administrations to try to stimulate the equalisation of
+
+  opportunities for the population in each of the Autonomous Communities,
+
+  as well as to promote the socio-economic cohesion of the Spanish
+
+  regions. The distribution of public health expenditure among the Spanish
+
+  geographical areas has been closely related to the territorial
+
+  distribution of the population in the period analysed, but there are
+
+  still strong regional differences in public health expenditure per
+
+  inhabitant, which makes it somewhat difficult to achieve socio-economic
+
+  equality among the Spanish Autonomous Communities.
+
+  Furthermore, the growth of public health expenditure has been more
+
+  positive than that of the Gross Domestic Product in the Spanish economy
+
+  in the period studied, which has meant that public health expenditure
+
+  per GDP has advanced positively not only at a national level, but also
+
+  in all Spanish regions. However, it is necessary to point out that the
+
+  intensity of growth at a regional level has not been equitable, but
+
+  rather has been very uneven.
+
+  It is also noted that the level of economic development is a determining
+
+  factor in public health expenditure per capita. Logically, this has a
+
+  fundamental impact on the process of territorial cohesion and equal
+
+  opportunities that the Spanish economy is seeking. Regional disparities
+
+  in public health expenditure per inhabitant have increased in the period
+
+  1995-2017 in the Spanish economy, as shown by the sigma convergence
+
+  indicator, the Theil index and the applied inequality index. The
+
+  breakdown of the Theil index shows how the increase in territorial
+
+  differences in public health expenditure has been due to an increase of
+
+  almost 30\% in the regional investment effort in public health
+
+  expenditure per GDP and almost 70\% in the level of economic development
+
+  of the Spanish regions. Moreover, according to the indicator of
+
+  contribution to inequality, the regions with the highest share of
+
+  inequality are Andalusia, the Basque Country and Madrid.
+
+  The study shows that it would be desirable to reduce the range of
+
+  dispersion between regions in the level of public health expenditure per
+
+  inhabitant. Moreover, it is essential to identify the determinants of
+
+  these interregional differences since they are a real obstacle to
+
+  guarantee equal opportunities in the access to this type of services and
+
+  to achieve higher levels of welfare in the population. Furthermore, it
+
+  is crucial to establish a system that adequately protects the public
+
+  health services provided by the territorial administrations in the face
+
+  of the economic crisis and the fall in public revenue experienced in
+
+  Spain over the last decade.
+
+  Four key issues for the future are considered necessary: a) the
+
+  sustainability of public health expenditure requires medium and
+
+  long-term financial planning that is prudent and complemented by
+
+  predictable funds provided in years of economic prosperity; b) the high
+
+  territorial disparities in public health expenditure need to be
+
+  carefully monitored and reviewed as they call into question equal
+
+  opportunities policies; c) institutional loyalty must be adequately
+
+  promoted so that territorial public administrations share the priority
+
+  of these policies and can provide them with the corresponding funds; in
+
+  this sense, a serious and rigorous debate on the level of sustainable
+
+  public health expenditure must be addressed as soon as possible, taking
+
+  into account the restrictions established by the high public deficit and
+
+  the high public debt of the Spanish economy; and d) the regional
+
+  financing systems must be adapted to the constitutional commitments to
+
+  inter-territorial equity.
+
+  In any case, it is suggested to maintain the economic growth that allows
+
+  contracting the economic disparities of the Spanish regions, in order to
+
+  reduce the current differences in the public health expenditure per
+
+  inhabitant.'
+affiliation: 'Sanchez, ARP (Corresponding Author), Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
+
+  Pena Sanchez, Antonio Rafael; Jimenez Garcia, Mercedes; Ruiz Chico, Jose, Univ Cadiz,
+  Cadiz, Spain.'
+author: Pena Sanchez, Antonio Rafael and Jimenez Garcia, Mercedes and Ruiz Chico,
+  Jose
+author_list:
+- family: Pena Sanchez
+  given: Antonio Rafael
+- family: Jimenez Garcia
+  given: Mercedes
+- family: Ruiz Chico
+  given: Jose
+da: '2023-09-28'
+files: []
+issn: 0213-7585
+journal: REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES
+keywords: 'Pubic health expenditure; Level of economic development; Sigma
+
+  convergence; Theil index; Regional analysis'
+keywords-plus: CARE EXPENDITURE; GROWTH; SPAIN; DETERMINANTS; CONVERGENCE
+language: Spanish
+month: MAY-AUG
+number: '124'
+number-of-cited-references: '83'
+pages: 157-199
+papis_id: 0474f7c1841f85bc6fff43850d24adec
+ref: Penasanchez2022publicspending
+times-cited: '0'
+title: 'Public spending in health and socio-economic development in the Spanish Regions:
+  Evolution of disparities in last decades'
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000885976800006
+usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
+usage-count-since-2013: '2'
+web-of-science-categories: Environmental Studies
+year: '2022'