Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/e0991d44215ab68bb1ef439e94bfa649-patel-vikram-and-lu/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'As with most nonconummicable diseases, the etiology of mental disorders
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+  is multifactorial, with risk determined by an interaction of genetic,
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+  other biological, psychological and social determinants. The large
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+  variation in the prevalence of most mental disorders between and within
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+  countries suggests that the social determinants have particular
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+  salience. This chapter focuses on social determinants with emphasis on
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+  evidence from low- and middle-income countries, and gives particular
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+  attention to two examples of mental disorders: depression and attention
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+  deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These disorders were selected
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+  because they are each associated with a considerable burden, and there
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+  is a substantive evidence base that interventions for these disorders
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+  are effective and feasible.
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+  There are significantly increased rates of depression among low
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+  socioeconomic groups, and exposure to risk factors is disproportionately
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+  high in contexts characterized by social disadvantage where vulnerable
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+  groups are over represented. There is convincing evidence of an
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+  association between depression and stressful life events; exposure to
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+  violence and other crimes; chronic physical ill-health; low levels of
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+  educational attainment; conflict; disasters; stressful working
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+  environments; and female gender. Additionally, reasonable evidence
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+  implicates discrimination, income inequality, food insecurity, hunger,
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+  unemployment, toxins, urbanization, lack of housing, overcrowding, low
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+  social capital, poor sanitation and built environment, and minority
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+  ethnicity. Overall rates of mental health service use are generally
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+  lower amongst the disadvantaged. Low mental health literacy and stigma
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+  may reduce the ability of people with depression to use treatment
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+  services effectively.
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+  Further, depression is associated with negative physical health
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+  outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus,
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+  injuries, HIV/AIDS and various perinatal and reproductive conditions;
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+  consequences of these comorbidities may also show social gradients.
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+  While increased risk of ADHD is associated with lower socioeconomic
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+  status and lower parental education in high-income countries, research
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+  on ADHD from low- and middle-income countries is scarce and
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+  inconclusive. The expression of genetic susceptibility to ADHD appears
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+  to be moderated by environmental exposures. Fetal or neonatal hypoxia,
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+  traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and antiepileptic medications, and HIV
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+  infection are all associated with ADHD, and these exposures all show
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+  social gradients. Also, male gender appears to confer additional risk.
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+  Children with ADHD experience adverse academic outcomes.
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+  Put simply, mental disorders are inequitably distributed, as people who
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+  are socially and economically disadvantaged bear a disproportionate
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+  burden of mental disorders and their adverse consequences. A vicious
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+  cycle of disadvantage and mental disorder is the result of the dynamic
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+  interrelationship between them. This chapter reviews a wealth of
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+  evidence on interventions that can break this cycle, by addressing both
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+  upstream social determinants and vulnerabilities, and downstream health
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+  outcomes and consequences through a combination of population- and
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+  individual-level actions. A key goal is for health care systems to be
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+  responsive to the mental health needs of the population. Efforts to
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+  increase coverage of cost-effective interventions must explicitly target
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+  disadvantaged populations and health impact assessments of macroeconomic
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+  policies must consider mental health outcomes. Evidence from low- and
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+  middle-income countries remains relatively scarce and more contextual
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+  research is required to inform mental health policy and practice. In
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+  particular, research is needed regarding the impacts of social and
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+  economic change on mental disorder, and the mechanisms through which
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+  protective factors strengthen resilience and promote mental health.
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+  Longitudinal monitoring of population mental health is crucial for this
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+  purpose.'
+author: Patel, Vikram and Lund, Crick and Hatherill, Sean and Plagerson, Sophie and
+  Corrigall, Joanne and Funk, Michelle and Flisher, Alan J.
+author_list:
+- family: Patel
+  given: Vikram
+- family: Lund
+  given: Crick
+- family: Hatherill
+  given: Sean
+- family: Plagerson
+  given: Sophie
+- family: Corrigall
+  given: Joanne
+- family: Funk
+  given: Michelle
+- family: Flisher
+  given: Alan J.
+booktitle: EQUITY, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES
+da: '2023-09-28'
+editor: Blas, E and Kurup, AS
+files: []
+isbn: 978-92-4-156397-0
+keywords-plus: 'DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
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+  DISORDER; CHILD SEXUAL-ABUSE; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE; LOW-INCOME;
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+  ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FAMILY-ENVIRONMENT;
+
+  MAJOR DEPRESSION'
+language: English
+number-of-cited-references: '144'
+pages: 115-134
+papis_id: de0126792133b023b7b9b0d79c201a6a
+ref: Patel2010mentaldisorders
+researcherid-numbers: Lund, Crick/F-4405-2011
+times-cited: '100'
+title: 'Mental disorders: equity and social determinants'
+type: Article; Book Chapter
+unique-id: WOS:000278839000007
+usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
+usage-count-since-2013: '47'
+web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Sociology
+year: '2010'