Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/a96137dee1bf1e2bc7f71629749c49e7-rodriguez-modrono-p/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'An emerging body of research about the impact of the recession and
+
+  austerity on women recognized but did not examine the potential
+
+  different impact of the crisis and austerity reforms on different groups
+
+  of women, particularly how it affected the labour supply, employment
+
+  attachment, patterns and experience of low educated women (e.g. Bettio
+
+  et al., 2013; Karamessini and Rubery, 2014). Yet this is an important
+
+  question. The policy responses at the European and national level
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+  consisted mostly of measures to cut public spending and to increase
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+  labour market flexibility, targeting welfare programmes, public sector
+
+  employment and pay, employment protection legislation and wage setting
+
+  institutions. Low educated women are more vulnerable to job insecurity
+
+  and low pay, and on the other hand their employment participation is
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+  more likely to be influenced by welfare measures supportive of female
+
+  employment and so more likely to be affected if these change.
+
+  This paper focuses on the impact of the crisis and the associated
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+  austerity measures on the patterns and quality of employment of women,
+
+  and how the crisis and changes to employment regulation and welfare
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+  provision affected the employment and living conditions of women, the
+
+  family arrangements and gender relations in Southern European regions,
+
+  using Andalucia as a case study.
+
+  To this end, a systematic review of the reforms implemented is
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+  discussed, together with their macro-level impact, through an analysis
+
+  of secondary sources and official statistical data. Statistical data
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+  used in the analysis includes data on GDP, employment and working
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+  conditions from Spanish Regional Accounts, Spanish Labour Force Survey,
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+  Quarterly Labour Cost Survey and statistics on Collective Agreements;
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+  data on formal and informal care are from the Statistics on Income and
+
+  Living Conditions; data on attitudes are taken from the European Social
+
+  Survey, and the last Eurobarometer special report on gender equality. At
+
+  the micro level, in order to understand the kind of pressures and
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+  challenges created by the crisis and the austerity reforms, interviews
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+  were conducted with 66 low educated women employed.
+
+  The findings reveal great precariousness, insecurity and adverse changes
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+  experienced during the crisis, in spite of a strong added worker effect
+
+  of women increasing their labour market participation in response to
+
+  male unemployment. Women joined the labour market as men lost jobs but
+
+  faced increasing barriers to securing employment. The evidence suggests
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+  that low educated women met even greater difficulties in accessing,
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+  maintaining and re-entering employment. Reforms in employment regulation
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+  and collective bargaining seemed to strongly affect the interviewees,
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+  who reported poor labour practices and employer unilateralism. Legal
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+  changes that increased firms'' discretion to change workers'' tasks,
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+  location and schedules led to a growth of precarious work and to
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+  employers'' abusing part-time work contracts to reduce costs by replacing
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+  full-time workers with part-timers paid at lower rates and by pressuring
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+  part-timers to work longer unpaid hours (Rocha, 2014). Legal changes
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+  also created opportunities for firms to opt out from collective
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+  agreements and unilaterally reduce wages. Temporary contracts and
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+  part-time contracts were all typical of women starting working for their
+
+  present companies during the crisis. Many women reported increases in
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+  working time, wage freezing or pay cuts. The women working in social
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+  care consistently reported employer strategies to intensify work and
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+  reduce labour costs, including the reorganization of work with fewer and
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+  longer shifts in order to operate with less staff and the hiring of
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+  hourly paid staff to avoid paying premium night shift rates.
+
+  A significant proportion of women reported that their husbands had been
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+  unemployed or had pay cuts, resulting in a significant income loss.
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+  These experiences of unemployment and reduced earnings of the women or
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+  their husbands were associated with significant financial stress, mainly
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+  in the cases of couples with children. When asked how they coped and
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+  eventually overcame the financial hardship, they reported to have
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+  drastically reduced expenses. Cohabitation is another familialistic
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+  trait that continues alive and helped families to cushion the economic
+
+  impact of the crisis. Under these circumstances, the women interviewed
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+  saw their wages as extremely important to the household budget.
+
+  This study provides also some insights on the strategies used by women
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+  to reconcile waged work with family life in the context of the crisis.
+
+  Women with young children used formal childcare, either school or
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+  nursery. However, as schools usually finish before their job ended,
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+  there is a need for complementary arrangements. Some women worked
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+  part-time hours or on a reduced schedule, whereas others were aided by
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+  their own or partners'' mothers. Husbands or partners were also involved
+
+  but mostly those who were unemployed. Full-time working women appeared
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+  to face increasing difficulties in balancing work with family due to
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+  longer and less predictable working hours during the crisis, and cuts
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+  introduced to public childcare funding. This was particularly
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+  problematic for mothers but in general women struggled to combine their
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+  full-time schedules with domestic work, which still fell mostly on their
+
+  shoulders.
+
+  The gender division of domestic labour remained mostly traditional,
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+  though younger women tended to report more egalitarian sharing of
+
+  domestic labour. There is evidence of a modest move toward a greater
+
+  contribution of unemployed male couples. The interviewees'' discourse on
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+  the importance of employment for women''s economic independence and
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+  linking it to notions of fairness and egalitarianism suggests that
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+  women''s attachment to employment is increasingly strong. Women''s
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+  employment position appears more constrained by unfavourable labour
+
+  market circumstances than by traditional gender role attitudes.
+
+  This lack of evidence of a general backlash in gender attitudes, a
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+  strong women''s attachment to employment and income contributions to the
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+  household becoming even more crucial during the crisis may signal an
+
+  erosion of the gendered pattern of labour market segmentation. This
+
+  erosion may not represent a dramatic change. It will depend in the
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+  duration of this process, and in the way out of the crisis. As reforms
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+  to social welfare and to the regulation of employment have decreased
+
+  women''s ability to reconcile their family and work responsibilities, and
+
+  Southern European regions, such as Andalucia, have implemented a
+
+  strategy of retrenchment through drastic cuts in the welfare state,
+
+  austerity may create the conditions to the re-emergence of a more
+
+  conservative gender order.'
+affiliation: 'Rodriguez-Modrono, P (Corresponding Author), Univ Pablo de Olavide,
+  Seville, Spain.
+
+  Rodriguez-Modrono, Paula, Univ Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.'
+author: Rodriguez-Modrono, Paula
+author_list:
+- family: Rodriguez-Modrono
+  given: Paula
+da: '2023-09-28'
+files: []
+issn: 0213-7585
+journal: REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES
+keywords: Gender; Employment; Economic crieis; Social model
+keywords-plus: SPAIN; POLICIES; RECESSION; POSITION; DENMARK; GREECE; FAMILY
+language: Spanish
+month: SEP-DEC
+number: '110'
+number-of-cited-references: '39'
+orcid-numbers: Rodríguez-Modroño, Paula/0000-0002-0724-0248
+pages: 15-37
+papis_id: 4c43faa40af1b76860f5764758470a6c
+ref: Rodriguezmodrono2017impactseconomic
+researcherid-numbers: Rodríguez-Modroño, Paula/G-6238-2014
+times-cited: '1'
+title: Impacts of the economic crisis on employed women in Southern European Regions.
+  The case of Andalucia
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000434068600001
+usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
+usage-count-since-2013: '12'
+web-of-science-categories: Environmental Studies
+year: '2017'