Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/9b992cf19f3c73f67ce73b71660eefc6-drezner-dw/info.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+abstract: 'WHEN a presidential election year coincides with an uncertain economy,
+
+  campaigning politicians invariably invoke an international economic
+
+  issue as a dire threat to the well-being of Americans. Speechwriters
+
+  denounce the chosen scapegoat, the media provides blanket coverage of
+
+  the alleged threat, and legislators scurry to introduce supposed
+
+  remedies. The cause of this year''s commotion is offshore outsourcing-the
+
+  alleged migration of American jobs overseas. The depth of alarm was
+
+  strikingly illustrated by the firestorm of reaction to recent testimony
+
+  by N. Gregory Mankiw, the head of President George W Bush''s Council of
+
+  Economic Advisers. No economist really disputed Mankiw''s observation
+
+  that ``outsourcing is just a new way of doing international trade,{''''}
+
+  which makes it ``a good thing.{''''} But in the political arena, Mankiw''s
+
+  comments sparked a furor on both sides of the aisle. Democratic
+
+  presidential candidate John Kerry accused the Bush administration of
+
+  wanting ``to export more of our jobs overseas,{''''} and Senate Minority
+
+  Leader Tom Daschle quipped, ``If this is the administratior''s position,
+
+  I think they owe an apology to every worker in America.{''''} Speaker of
+
+  the House Dennis Hastert, meanwhile, warned that ``outsourcing can be a
+
+  problem for American workers and the American economy.{''''}
+
+  Critics charge that the information revolution (especially the Internet)
+
+  has accelerated the decimation of U.S. manufacturing and facilitated the
+
+  outsourcing of service-sector jobs once considered safe, from backroom
+
+  call centers to high-level software programming. (This concern feeds
+
+  into the suspicion that U.S. corporations are exploiting globalization
+
+  to fatten profits at the expense of workers.) They are right that
+
+  offshore outsourcing deserves attention and that some measures to assist
+
+  affected workers are called for. But if their exaggerated alarmism
+
+  succeeds in provoking protectionist responses from lawmakers, it will do
+
+  far more harm than good, to the U.S. economy and to American workers. S
+
+  hould Americans be concerned about the economic effects of outsourcing?
+
+  Not particularly. Most of the numbers thrown around are vague, overhyped
+
+  estimates. What hard data exist suggest that gross job losses due to
+
+  offshore outsourcing have been minimal when compared to the size of the
+
+  entire U.S. economy. The outsourcing phenomenon has shown that
+
+  globalization can affect white-collar professions, heretofore immune to
+
+  foreign competition, in the same way that it has affected manufacturing
+
+  jobs for years. But Mankiw''s statements on outsourcing are absolutely
+
+  correct; the law of comparative advantage does not stop working just
+
+  because 401(K)plans are involved. The creation of new jobs overseas will
+
+  eventually lead to more jobs and higher incomes in the United States.
+
+  Because the economy and especially job growth-is sluggish at the moment,
+
+  commentators are attempting to draw a connection between offshore
+
+  outsourcing and high unemployment. But believing that offshore
+
+  outsourcing causes unemployment is the economic equivalent of believing
+
+  that the sun revolves around the earth: intuitively compelling but
+
+  clearly wrong.
+
+  Should Americans be concerned about the political backlash to
+
+  outsourcing? Absolutely. Anecdotes of workers affected by outsourcing
+
+  are politically powerful, and demands for government protection always
+
+  increase during economic slowdowns. The short-term political appeal of
+
+  protectionism is undeniable. Scapegoating foreigners for domestic
+
+  business cycles is smart politics, and protecting domestic markets gives
+
+  leaders the appearance of taking direct, decisive action on the economy.
+
+  Protectionism would not solve the U.S. economy''s employment problems,
+
+  although it would succeed in providing massive subsidies to
+
+  well-organized interest groups. In open markets, greater competition
+
+  spurs the reallocation of labor and capital to more profitable sectors
+
+  of the economy. The benefits of such free trade-to both consumers and
+
+  producers-are significant. Cushioning this process for displaced
+
+  however, sales-making TAA out of reach for those affected by it. It
+
+  makes sense to rework TAA rules to take into account workers displaced
+
+  by offshore outsourcing even when their former industries or firms
+
+  maintain robust levels of production.
+
+  Another option would be to help firms purchase targeted insurance
+
+  policies to offset the transition costs to workers directly affected by
+
+  offshore outsourcing. Because the perception of possible unemployment is
+
+  considerably greater than the actual likelihood of losing a job,
+
+  insurance programs would impose a very small cost on firms while
+
+  relieving a great deal of employee anxiety. McKinsey Global Institute
+
+  estimates that such a scheme could be created for as little as four or
+
+  five cents per dollar saved from offshore outsourcing. IBM recently
+
+  announced the creation of a two-year, \$25 million retraining fund for
+
+  its employees who fear job losses from outsourcing. Having the private
+
+  sector handle the problem without extensive government intervention
+
+  would be an added bonus.'
+affiliation: 'Drezner, DW (Corresponding Author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
+  USA.
+
+  Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.'
+author: Drezner, DW
+author_list:
+- family: Drezner
+  given: DW
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.2307/20033973
+files: []
+issn: 0015-7120
+journal: FOREIGN AFFAIRS
+language: English
+month: MAY-JUN
+number: '3'
+number-of-cited-references: '0'
+pages: 22+
+papis_id: 9d2ad769ef14983f73aee051ea264827
+ref: Drezner2004outsourcingbogeyman
+times-cited: '43'
+title: The outsourcing bogeyman
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000220771200004
+usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
+usage-count-since-2013: '33'
+volume: '83'
+web-of-science-categories: International Relations
+year: '2004'