Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/8d73575ad9f59f65ecbe54d5a22dcb2a-waddington-hugh-sha/info.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+abstract: 'Author summary Why was this study done? The biggest contributor to the
+
+  global burden of infectious disease in childhood in developing countries
+
+  is mortality due to respiratory and diarrhoeal infections, both of which
+
+  are closely linked to deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)
+
+  availability and use by households.Multiple systematic reviews and
+
+  meta-analyses of WASH-related morbidity have been conducted, but there
+
+  is a shortage of rigorous, systematic evidence on the effectiveness of
+
+  WASH interventions in reducing mortality. What did the researchers do
+
+  and find? We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the
+
+  impacts of WASH interventions on all-cause and diarrhoea-related
+
+  mortality in L\&MICs, incorporating evidence from 35 studies comprising
+
+  48 distinct WASH intervention arms.We found significant effects on
+
+  all-cause mortality among children aged under 5 of interventions to
+
+  improve the quantity of water available (34\% reduction), hygiene
+
+  promotion when water supplies were accessible to households (29\%
+
+  reduction), and community-wide sanitation (21\% reduction).We also found
+
+  significant effects of WASH interventions on diarrhoea mortality among
+
+  under 5s (45\% reduction), which were significantly larger when provided
+
+  to communities that were at the lowest rungs of the sanitation ladder,
+
+  compared to those that already had improved WASH. What do these findings
+
+  mean? Interventions to prevent water-related mortality in childhood in
+
+  endemic disease circumstances provide adequate water supplies to
+
+  households, enabling domestic hygiene and safe excreta disposal in the
+
+  household and community.Systematic reviews can provide new evidence for
+
+  decision making, but the approach we present is reliant on trial authors
+
+  and journals adhering to agreed standards of reporting.
+
+  BackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries (L\&MICs), the biggest
+
+  contributing factors to the global burden of disease in childhood are
+
+  deaths due to respiratory illness and diarrhoea, both of which are
+
+  closely related to use of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services
+
+  by households. However, current estimates of the health impacts of WASH
+
+  interventions use self-reported morbidity, which may fail to capture
+
+  longer-term or more severe impacts. Reported mortality is thought to be
+
+  less prone to bias than other reported measures. This study aimed to
+
+  answer the question: What are the impacts of WASH interventions on
+
+  reported childhood mortality in L\&MICs? Methods and findingsWe
+
+  conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, using a published
+
+  protocol. Systematic searches of 11 academic databases and trial
+
+  registries, plus organisational repositories, were undertaken to locate
+
+  studies of WASH interventions, which were published in peer review
+
+  journals or other sources (e.g., organisational reports and working
+
+  papers). Intervention studies of WASH improvements implemented under
+
+  endemic disease circumstances in L\&MICs were eligible, which reported
+
+  findings at any time until March 2020. We used the participant flow data
+
+  supplied in response to journal editors'' calls for greater transparency.
+
+  Data were collected by two authors working independently.We included
+
+  evidence from 24 randomized and 11 nonrandomized studies of WASH
+
+  interventions from all global regions, incorporating 2,600 deaths.
+
+  Effects of 48 WASH treatment arms were included in analysis. We
+
+  critically appraised and synthesised evidence using meta-analysis to
+
+  improve statistical power. We found WASH interventions are associated
+
+  with a significant reduction of 17\% in the odds of all-cause mortality
+
+  in childhood (OR = 0.83, 95\% CI = 0.74, 0.92, evidence from 38
+
+  interventions), and a significant reduction in diarrhoea mortality of
+
+  45\% (OR = 0.55, 95\% CI = 0.35, 0.84; 10 interventions).Further
+
+  analysis by WASH technology indicated interventions providing improved
+
+  water in quantity to households were most consistently associated with
+
+  reductions in all-cause mortality. Community-wide sanitation was most
+
+  consistently associated with reductions in diarrhoea mortality. Around
+
+  one-half of the included studies were assessed as being at ``moderate
+
+  risk of bias{''''} in attributing mortality in childhood to the WASH
+
+  intervention, and no studies were found to be at ``low risk of bias.{''''}
+
+  The review should be updated to incorporate additional published and
+
+  unpublished participant flow data. ConclusionsThe findings are congruent
+
+  with theories of infectious disease transmission. Washing with water
+
+  presents a barrier to respiratory illness and diarrhoea, which are the
+
+  two biggest contributors to all-cause mortality in childhood in L\&MICs.
+
+  Community-wide sanitation halts the spread of diarrhoea. We observed
+
+  that evidence synthesis can provide new findings, going beyond the
+
+  underlying data from trials to generate crucial insights for policy.
+
+  Transparent reporting in trials creates opportunities for research
+
+  synthesis to answer questions about mortality, which individual studies
+
+  of interventions cannot be reliably designed to address.'
+affiliation: 'Waddington, HS (Corresponding Author), London Int Dev Ctr LIDC, London
+  Sch Hyg \& Trop Med LSHTM, Dept Dis Control, Environm Hlth Grp, London, England.
+
+  Waddington, Hugh Sharma, London Int Dev Ctr LIDC, London Sch Hyg \& Trop Med LSHTM,
+  Dept Dis Control, Environm Hlth Grp, London, England.
+
+  Masset, Edoardo, LSHTM, Ctr Excellence Dev Impact \& Learning CEDIL, LIDC, Dept
+  Publ Hlth Environm \& Soc, London, England.
+
+  Bick, Sarah; Cairncross, Sandy, LSHTM, Dept Dis Control, Environm Hlth Grp, London,
+  England.'
+article-number: e1004215
+author: Waddington, Hugh Sharma and Masset, Edoardo and Bick, Sarah and Cairncross,
+  Sandy
+author-email: Hugh.waddington@lshtm.ac.uk
+author_list:
+- family: Waddington
+  given: Hugh Sharma
+- family: Masset
+  given: Edoardo
+- family: Bick
+  given: Sarah
+- family: Cairncross
+  given: Sandy
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004215
+eissn: 1549-1676
+files: []
+issn: 1549-1277
+journal: PLOS MEDICINE
+keywords-plus: 'DIARRHEAL DISEASE; NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS; SOLAR DISINFECTION;
+
+  CONTROLLED-TRIALS; INFANT-MORTALITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
+
+  WESTERN KENYA; HEALTH; GROWTH'
+language: English
+month: APR
+number: '4'
+number-of-cited-references: '106'
+orcid-numbers: 'Sharma Waddington, Hugh/0000-0003-3859-3342
+
+  Bick, Sarah/0000-0001-6870-5320
+
+  Masset, Edoardo/0000-0002-8826-0776'
+papis_id: 27bdb30ce5f9f747bd99a903cea5aedd
+ref: Waddington2023impactchildhood
+tags:
+- review
+times-cited: '1'
+title: 'Impact on childhood mortality of interventions to improve drinking water,
+  sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) to households: Systematic review and meta-analysis'
+type: Review
+unique-id: WOS:000971493100001
+usage-count-last-180-days: '8'
+usage-count-since-2013: '8'
+volume: '20'
+web-of-science-categories: Medicine, General \& Internal
+year: '2023'