Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/83712d08a37ebd0c603a78112df055dc-d-amours-m-and-cres/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'Self-employment is one of the two main non-standard work forms
+
+  (different from regular full-time employment) in Quebec and Canada.
+
+  Although some research has documented the differences between the
+
+  own-account self-employed and those who are employers, little is known
+
+  about the diversity of situation among the own-account self-employed,
+
+  the subcategory which underwent tremendous growth between 1976 and 2000,
+
+  with a slight drop since that time. The present research, based on a
+
+  sample of 293 respondents whose main job in 2000 was own-account
+
+  self-employment, analyses such diversity through five dimensions: the
+
+  worker''s characteristics, the type of clientele, the nature of the
+
+  product, the organization of work (including remuneration) and finally
+
+  the level and the type of protection against social and professional
+
+  hazards.
+
+  A multiple correspondence analysis revealed two main axes of opposition
+
+  among the sample. The first axis spreads out between two extreme
+
+  positions: at one end of the continuum stand the self-employed who are
+
+  economically independent with a high number of customers, mostly
+
+  individuals, while at the other end are those with only few customers,
+
+  mostly firms, one of which provides half or more of the worker''s income.
+
+  Generally speaking, the former tend to control their work while the
+
+  latter tend to be controlled by their clients. The second axis opposes
+
+  professionals, whose work requires a university degree, to other
+
+  self-employed. The former tend to combine the advantages of a high level
+
+  of education and experience, participation in the networks and a
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+  superior income, which allow them to purchase protection plans against
+
+  social risks, especially health and disability insurance plans,
+
+  professional training and individual pension plans. On the opposite end,
+
+  non-professionals tend to have less experience, less participation in
+
+  the networks, and a lower income; in general they do not acquire
+
+  protection plans and rely on themselves and their families to address
+
+  professional hazards and life''s hazards.
+
+  A cluster analysis helped identify six types, five of which were
+
+  statistically differentiated:
+
+  - Non-professional independents who control their work but are lacking
+
+  protection against risks;
+
+  - Small, dependant producers whose customers mainly control the work;
+
+  these self-employed are not especially associated with a specific
+
+  professional profile nor with a specific level of protection;
+
+  - Liberal professionals who mainly control their work but must deal with
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+  the intervention of outside forces in establishing pay rates and other
+
+  contractual terms. Among the sample, they are the most protected against
+
+  risks but have to pay for those protections;
+
+  - Advisors and consultants who are set apart by controlling the
+
+  contractual modalities more than the average self-employed; they also
+
+  pay for protections but in a lower proportion than liberal
+
+  professionals;
+
+  - Other independents and those who combine self-employment and
+
+  nonstandard work forms (part-time, temporary or contract employment);
+
+  they have a great deal in common with the members of the first group,
+
+  but are more educated;
+
+  - A small group of professionals enjoying collective labour agreements,
+
+  under which their clients share the cost of protection programs against
+
+  certain social and professional risks.
+
+  The results of this research tend to support the hypothesis related to
+
+  the heterogeneity of the own-account self-employment category, beyond
+
+  the traditional dichotomies comparing qualified professionals
+
+  controlling their work to non-professionals with little qualification
+
+  and control. Incidentally, the results explain part of this diversity by
+
+  the blurring of boundaries between the two polar forms of work, wage and
+
+  salary vs. self-employment, as they have been legally defined. Indeed, a
+
+  portion of own-account self employed does not fully control its work
+
+  while another part, smaller, does not bear all the risks linked to work.'
+affiliation: 'D''Amours, M (Corresponding Author), Ecole Affaires Publ \& Communautaires,
+  Montreal, PQ, Canada.
+
+  Ecole Affaires Publ \& Communautaires, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
+
+  INRS Urbanisat Culture \& Societe, Montreal, PQ, Canada.'
+author: D'Amours, M and Crespo, S
+author-email: 'mdamours@alcor.concordia.ca
+
+  crespo@inrs-ucs.uquebec.ca'
+author_list:
+- family: D'Amours
+  given: M
+- family: Crespo
+  given: S
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.7202/010921ar
+files: []
+issn: 0034-379X
+journal: RELATIONS INDUSTRIELLES-INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
+language: French
+month: SUM
+number: '3'
+number-of-cited-references: '20'
+pages: 459-489
+papis_id: d7fcf3850021f82ee9f341df2677dd4e
+ref: Damours2004dimensionsheterogene
+times-cited: '11'
+title: 'The dimensions of heterogeneity among own-account self-employed: Elements
+  for a typology'
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000225275500001
+usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
+usage-count-since-2013: '16'
+volume: '59'
+web-of-science-categories: Industrial Relations \& Labor
+year: '2004'