Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/806da4273dc214bb57b853caf822bca5-gaughan-m-and-robin/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'The economic health of nations and regions is increasingly coming to
+
+  rest on the scientific and technical labor force conducting scientific
+
+  research. As such, enormous social resources are directed to educating
+
+  and training those who will fire the engines of economic growth. In the
+
+  first part of this paper, we compare recent investment in the scientific
+
+  and technical labor forces by two giants of nationally-supported
+
+  research endeavors: France and the United States. We find that France is
+
+  more invested in scientific and technical training, but that both
+
+  nations invest directly and indirectly in the scientific and technical
+
+  labor force. French policy is more likely to support the individual
+
+  graduate student directly through a national grant, while graduate
+
+  students in the US tend to rely indirectly on federal support through
+
+  research grants to other researchers. We then use duration models on
+
+  individual data to predict entry into a permanent academic position
+
+  within three years of completing a Ph.D. We do not find that industrial
+
+  support of graduate training has any effect on later success in
+
+  obtaining a position. There is, however, evidence of different academic
+
+  labor markets operating in each country. In France, entry into a
+
+  position has not depended on period factors, while in the US more recent
+
+  cohorts have been more successful in obtaining permanent employment.
+
+  Furthermore, postdoctoral positions in France delay or deter academic
+
+  careers, but have no impact on entry in the US: this suggest that two
+
+  different modes of scientific human resources management operate in
+
+  France and in the USA. In the USA, Ph.D.s are seen as an essential
+
+  element in the process of knowledge transfer, and early mobility does
+
+  not affect entry into permanent academic careers. In France, few
+
+  incentives are given to encourage mobility, which merely deters the
+
+  access to permanent jobs. Finally, we found that graduates of the most
+
+  prestigious undergraduate institutions were systematically advantaged in
+
+  obtaining permanent academic employment, suggesting that academic
+
+  stratification occurs very early in the training path in each country.
+
+  (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.'
+affiliation: 'Gaughan, M (Corresponding Author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Publ Policy,
+  685 Cherry St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+
+  Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Publ Policy, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+
+  Catholic Univ Louvain, IRES, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.'
+author: Gaughan, M and Robin, S
+author-email: monica.gaughan@pubpolicy.gatech.edu
+author_list:
+- family: Gaughan
+  given: M
+- family: Robin
+  given: S
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.005
+files: []
+issn: 0048-7333
+journal: RESEARCH POLICY
+keywords: 'scientific research; United States; France; scientific and technical
+
+  human capital; scientific labor force'
+keywords-plus: ENGINEERS
+language: English
+month: MAY
+number: '4'
+number-of-cited-references: '41'
+orcid-numbers: Gaughan, Monica/0000-0001-9638-9521
+pages: 569-581
+papis_id: b637d756b540e25c507d7cfa731e55c6
+ref: Gaughan2004nationalscience
+times-cited: '57'
+title: National science training policy and early scientific careers in France and
+  the United States
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000222071100002
+usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
+usage-count-since-2013: '27'
+volume: '33'
+web-of-science-categories: Management
+year: '2004'