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02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/58334aa5cef29b87f54c4282dc592f3e-zambrano-karla/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'Since the end of the 18th century, the burning and use of hydrocarbons
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+  has been the main source of energy used by mankind to achieve more
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+  developed societies, ignoring -at first - the high cost of natural
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+  resources involved. The use of this type of non-renewable energy has
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+  caused serious imbalances in the atmosphere and, in turn, a great impact
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+  on all the Earth''s ecosystems, since any type of alteration in the
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+  atmosphere causes, as a consequence, further transformations in the rest
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+  of The conclusions reached by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
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+  Change (IPCC) are the results of more than 30 years of research
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+  dedicated to the study of the climate system and its alterations. It is
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+  not, therefore, a diffuse and banal reflection to be downplayed, quite
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+  the contrary, as it recreates the present and future scenario to which
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+  legal science must respond. Science, as usual, often leads the way in
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+  international rule-making and standard-setting processes, and has been
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+  decisive on climate change: there is an urgent need for a drastic
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+  reduction in the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that human
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+  activities release into the atmosphere. Indeed, even if the Paris
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+  Agreement targets are met, resilience or adaptation and climate
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+  stability will be some of the greatest challenges facing humanity. There
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+  is now a clear scientific consensus on the unequivocal attribution of
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+  climate change to human activities. However, the impacts of climate
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+  variability are biased and the crosscutting issues that surround them,
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+  such as inequity and the vulnerability of multiple groups, such as women
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+  and children, are often displaced in the face of the severe damage
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+  already being done to the Earth''s oceans, atmosphere, ice and biosphere,
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+  rapidly and pervasively. The greenhouse effect is an inherently
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+  discriminatory phenomenon because it affects systemically, unequally and
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+  disproportionately not only people belonging to a certain group, but
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+  also constitutes an emerging, progressive and increasingly frequent and
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+  intense damage to societies and nations that have not reached their
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+  maximum levels of development, or that lack the measures or the
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+  technology to adapt to climate variability. The purpose of this article
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+  is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to identify the direct consequences
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+  of anthropogenic global warming on women and children, interweaving the
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+  scientific basis with legal science, which will allow us to
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+  contextualize the current state of the situation in an objective manner;
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+  on the other hand, it aims to define the position of the international
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+  community on both issues, from a critical point of view, a human
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+  rights-based approach, and with a special reference to the European
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+  jurisdictional progress, which could contribute to enhance the
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+  international climate cooperation. This also includes legal proposals
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+  based on the principles of equal treatment and opportunities between
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+  women and men, and intergenerational equity, the empowerment of citizens
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+  to receive quality environmental education, the participation and
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+  integration of both women and new generations in political decisions on
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+  issues that affect them, and their inclusion in the discussion and
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+  analysis of the impact of the climate emergency based on scientific
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+  knowledge. This research is based on the axis of different theoretical
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+  frameworks, and seeks both to establish connections between different
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+  areas of knowledge and to provide an international legal response to the
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+  problem of global warming for women and children through the analysis of
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+  international law and its implementation.
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+  In addition, this study is based on the principle of scientific evidence
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+  that underpins the work of the IPCC and, more specifically, will build
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+  on the efforts of Working Group II (WGII) of the Sixth Assessment Report
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+  (AR6) on impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation. In the international
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+  legal sphere, this paper aims to link two areas of international law as
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+  major references: international human rights law and the legal framework
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+  regulating climate change in the international forum. With regard to the
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+  structure of this article, we will find an introduction to the state of
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+  the question, followed by the theoretical-methodological aspects that
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+  are intertwined in this research: the interweaving of postcolonial
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+  feminist theory, scientific knowledge and legal argumentation. The
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+  second section of this study aims to contextualize the impacts of
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+  climate change on ecosystems and the most vulnerable groups, with
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+  references to the contributions of Working Groups I and II of the IPCC
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+  Sixth Assessment Report and other scientific studies that support the
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+  position of the vulnerability of women and children to the adverse
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+  effects of climate change. Within the second section, the IPCC has
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+  concluded that countries are already experiencing increasing impacts
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+  such as biodiversity loss, extreme weather events, land degradation,
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+  desertification and deforestation, sand and dust storms, persistent
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+  drought, sea level rise, coastal erosion, ocean acidification and
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+  mountain glacier retreat, causing severe disruption to societies,
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+  economies, employment, agricultural, industrial and commercial systems,
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+  global trade, supply chains and travel. It has also reported thata there
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+  has been a devastating impact on sustainable development, including
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+  poverty eradication and livelihoods, threatening food security and
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+  nutrition and water accessibility. Furthermore, a sub-section has been
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+  created that will detail some of the impacts of climate change
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+  specifically on women and children. In this sense, it is evident that
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+  women''s reproductive rights are affected, there is an increase in
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+  vector-borne diseases with discriminatory tendencies based on gender,
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+  the manifestation of socio-economic inequalities linked to climate
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+  change, marginalisation, and the lack of capacity of children to adapt
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+  to climate change. The third section is devoted to providing a legal
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+  overview of the doctrine''s position on the matter and the cases
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+  currently being heard in some courts where the plaintiffs are women and
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+  minors. This section highlights the impossibility of ignoring both the
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+  feminist approach and the intergenerational equity approach. It is also
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+  pointed out that in the elaboration of climate policies, it is not
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+  enough to draw up a list of insufficient and empty climate policies to
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+  comply with international commitments, since when it comes to demanding
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+  the jurisdictional protection of human rights in the context of the
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+  climate crisis, there are a series of complications rooted in the
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+  evidentiary capacity that governs any judicial procedure. The
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+  conclusions section contains both a synthesis of the different sections
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+  of this article, as well as a series of legally and socially viable
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+  proposals that contribute to the knowledge of climate change, its
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+  different impacts, policies for prevention and adaptation to the risks
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+  of extreme meteorological phenomena and, if necessary, keys that
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+  reinforce the path towards climate litigation.'
+affiliation: 'Zambrano, K (Corresponding Author), Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
+
+  Zambrano, Karla, Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain.'
+author: Zambrano, Karla
+author-email: karla.zambrano@uv.es
+author_list:
+- family: Zambrano
+  given: Karla
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2023.53.002
+files: []
+issn: 1699-3950
+journal: RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID
+keywords: 'Human rights; women''s rights; climate change; feminism; children''s
+
+  rights'
+language: English
+month: JUN-SEP
+number: '53'
+number-of-cited-references: '38'
+pages: 31-48
+papis_id: e8268ee18fd7a4006f2046ee295e3e60
+ref: Zambrano2023climatecrisis
+times-cited: '0'
+title: 'Climate crisis, women and children: between vulnerability and the urgent protection
+  of their rights. Glimpses from the European continent'
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:001026444500003
+usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
+usage-count-since-2013: '3'
+web-of-science-categories: International Relations
+year: '2023'