Add wos sample results library

02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/5594131969ae317ccb1931b6afba1add-haveman-robert-and/info.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+abstract: 'We present a 50-year historical perspective of the nation''s antipoverty
+
+  efforts, describing the evolution of policy during four key periods
+
+  since 1965. Over this half-century, the initial heavy reliance on cash
+
+  income support to poor families has eroded; increases in public support
+
+  came largely in the form of in-kind (e.g., Food Stamps) and tax-related
+
+  (e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit) benefits. Work support and the
+
+  supplementation of earnings substituted for direct support. These shifts
+
+  eroded the safety net for the most disadvantaged in American society.
+
+  Three poverty-related analytical developments are also described. The
+
+  rise of the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)taking account of noncash
+
+  and tax-related benefitshas corrected some of the serious weaknesses of
+
+  the official poverty measure (OPM). The SPM measure indicates that the
+
+  poverty rate has declined over time, rather than being essentially flat
+
+  as the OPM implies. We also present snapshots of the composition of the
+
+  poor population in the United States using both the OPM and the SPM,
+
+  showing progress in reducing poverty overall and among specific
+
+  socioeconomic subgroups since the beginning of the War on Poverty.
+
+  Finally, we document the expenditure levels of numerous antipoverty
+
+  programs that have accompanied the several phases of poverty policy and
+
+  describe the effect of these efforts on the level of poverty. Although
+
+  the effectiveness of government antipoverty transfers is debated, our
+
+  findings indicate that the growth of antipoverty policies has reduced
+
+  the overall level of poverty, with substantial reductions among the
+
+  elderly, disabled, and blacks. However, the poverty rates for children,
+
+  especially those living in single-parent families, and families headed
+
+  by a low-skill, low-education person, have increased. Rates of deep
+
+  poverty (families living with less than one-half of the poverty line)
+
+  for the nonelderly population have not decreased, reflecting both the
+
+  increasing labor market difficulties faced by the low-skill population
+
+  and the tilt of means-tested benefits away from the poorest of the poor.'
+author: Haveman, Robert and Blank, Rebecca and Moffitt, Robert and Smeeding, Timothy
+  and Wallace, Geoffrey
+author_list:
+- family: Haveman
+  given: Robert
+- family: Blank
+  given: Rebecca
+- family: Moffitt
+  given: Robert
+- family: Smeeding
+  given: Timothy
+- family: Wallace
+  given: Geoffrey
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.1002/pam.21846
+eissn: 1520-6688
+files: []
+issn: 0276-8739
+journal: JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
+keywords-plus: 'INCOME-TAX CREDIT; WHITE WAGE INEQUALITY; UNITED-STATES;
+
+  PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; TRANSFER PROGRAMS;
+
+  MINIMUM-WAGE; WELFARE; EMPLOYMENT; WORK'
+language: English
+month: SUM
+number: '3'
+number-of-cited-references: '145'
+pages: 593-638
+papis_id: 68713e0bf0d5ced9415ad9c362b04066
+ref: Haveman2015warpoverty
+times-cited: '58'
+title: 'THE WAR ON POVERTY: MEASUREMENT, TRENDS, AND POLICY'
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000356005100008
+usage-count-last-180-days: '4'
+usage-count-since-2013: '110'
+volume: '34'
+web-of-science-categories: Economics; Public Administration
+year: '2015'