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02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/0e918167e0dfb57773b66e2eb0bec395-costas-anton/info.yaml

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+abstract: 'Beyond the insidious and morally contemptible personality of the
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+  authoritarian political leaders that have emerged in the last decade,
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+  the political ``supply{''''} of populism responds to a real ``demand{''''}
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+  for popular policies that exists in advanced societies. This demands a
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+  rebalancing of economic policies in favour of the working classes, the
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+  middle classes and the social groups that have not benefited from the
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+  economic growth of the last decades.
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+  This social demand responds to an objective cause: the increase in
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+  inequalities and economic insecurity. Coinciding with the neoliberal
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+  shift in social and economic policies that accompanied the shift to
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+  conservatism in the late 1970s and with the hyper-globalization and the
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+  change of skin that global corporate capitalism experienced from the
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+  1990s onward, large groups of middle classes in developed countries saw
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+  their jobs, their welfare, their opportunities, and the lifestyles of
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+  the communities in which they lived disappear or deteriorate. The
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+  Covid-19 pandemic has only accentuated these inequalities.
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+  This malaise with inequality and economic insecurity is fertile ground
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+  for political polarization and authoritarian political populism. In this
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+  sense, inequality and economic insecurity have acted as a powerful
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+  solvent of the glue that every liberal society needs to function
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+  harmoniously, to make the market economy inclusive, and to prevent
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+  democracy from falling into the chaos of authoritarian populism.
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+  The challenge now is to rebuild that glue, as it was done after the
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+  Great Depression of the 1930s and World War 11. This essay argues,
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+  first, that this glue must come from a new post-pandemic social
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+  contract. Secondly, that the core of that new social contract is in the
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+  reform of the enterprise to correct the misallocation of surplus (value
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+  added) between wages, top management salaries and dividends.
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+  The correction of this malfunctioning distribution requires
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+  investigating its causes. Here it is argued that there are two. On the
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+  one hand, the bias that capitalism acquired from the eighties in benefit
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+  of shareholders and to the detriment of workers, suppliers, customers
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+  and communities. On the other hand, that corporate concentration and the
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+  market power acquired by large corporations has led to stagnation of
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+  real wages and the precarization of employment.
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+  The malfunctioning of distribution is not, however, the only source of
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+  inequality and economic insecurity. They also come from the
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+  malfunctioning of pre-distribution. To the extent that technological
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+  change has opened a gap between the capabilities and skills of the
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+  population and the professional profiles needed by companies, this gap
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+  brings about inequality of income and employment opportunities. On the
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+  other hand, the redistributive mechanisms of the Welfare State, both
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+  taxes and social programs, have seen their capacity to correct the
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+  inequality produced by the economy reduced.
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+  To respond to this inequality and economic insecurity, the political
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+  offer of new social contracts is wide and varied: the neoliberal, the
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+  extreme right, the extreme left and the radical progressive. All try to
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+  respond to the problem of distribution, but they do so through different
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+  paths, depending on whether they emphasize pre-distribution,
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+  redistribution, or distribution. The historical experience of the 1930s
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+  teaches us that not everyone is well reconciled with the future.
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+  A new progressive social contract must be based on the recovery of the
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+  fundamental role of the third pillar of prosperity: the Social Economy.
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+  Its abandonment in recent decades in favour of the market and the State
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+  is one of the causes of the inability of market economies to generate
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+  good jobs now.'
+affiliation: 'Costas, A (Corresponding Author), Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
+
+  Costas, Anton, Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.'
+author: Costas, Anton
+author-email: acostas@ub.edu
+author_list:
+- family: Costas
+  given: Anton
+da: '2023-09-28'
+doi: 10.7203/CIRIEC-E.100.18715
+eissn: 1989-6816
+files: []
+issn: 0213-8093
+journal: CIRIEC-ESPANA REVISTA DE ECONOMIA PUBLICA SOCIAL Y COOPERATIVA
+keywords: Social contract; progress; democracy; Social Economy; pandemic
+language: Spanish
+month: NOV
+number-of-cited-references: '15'
+pages: 11-29
+papis_id: 1a5fa39d9a605b09bf156d650042531b
+ref: Costas2020newpostpandemic
+times-cited: '2'
+title: A new post-pandemic social contract. The role of the Social Economy
+type: Article
+unique-id: WOS:000595937600001
+usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
+usage-count-since-2013: '15'
+volume: '100'
+web-of-science-categories: Economics
+year: '2020'