2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
|
|
|
abstract: 'The health effects of economic resources (eg, education, employment, and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
living place) and psychological assets (eg, self-efficacy, perceived
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
control over life, anger control, and emotions) are well-known. This
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
article summarizes the results of a growing body of evidence documenting
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blacks'' diminished return, defined as a systematically smaller health
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
gain from economic resources and psychological assets for Blacks in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
comparison to Whites. Due to structural barriers that Blacks face in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
their daily lives, the very same resources and assets generate smaller
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
health gain for Blacks compared to Whites. Even in the presence of equal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
access resources and assets, such unequal health gain constantly
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
generates a racial health gap between Blacks and Whites in the United
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
States. In this paper, a number of public policies are recommended based
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
on these findings. First and foremost, public policies should not merely
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
focus on equalizing access to resources and assets, but also reduce the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
societal and structural barriers that hinder Blacks. Policy solutions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
should aim to reduce various manifestations of structural racism
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
including but not limited to differential pay, residential segregation,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
lower quality of education, and crime in Black and urban communities. As
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
income was not found to follow the same pattern demonstrated for other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
resources and assets (ie, income generated similar decline in risk of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mortality for Whites and Blacks), policies that enforce equal income and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
increase minimum wage for marginalized populations are essential.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improving quality of education of youth and employability of young
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
adults will enable Blacks to compete for high paying jobs. Policies that
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduce racism and discrimination in the labor market are also needed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Without such policies, it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
eliminate the sustained racial health gap in the United States.'
|
|
|
|
|
affiliation: 'Assari, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, CRECH,
|
|
|
|
|
Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assari, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
|
|
|
|
|
USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assari, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Michigan, IHPI, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assari, Shervin, Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, CRECH, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assari, Shervin, Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assari, Shervin, Univ Michigan, IHPI, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.'
|
|
|
|
|
author: Assari, Shervin
|
|
|
|
|
author-email: assari@umich.edu
|
|
|
|
|
author_list:
|
|
|
|
|
- family: Assari
|
|
|
|
|
given: Shervin
|
|
|
|
|
da: '2023-09-28'
|
|
|
|
|
doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.90
|
|
|
|
|
eissn: 2322-5939
|
|
|
|
|
esi-highly-cited-paper: Y
|
|
|
|
|
esi-hot-paper: N
|
|
|
|
|
files: []
|
|
|
|
|
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT
|
|
|
|
|
keywords: 'Racial Health Disparities; Structural Barriers; Racism; Health Policy;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Policy'
|
|
|
|
|
keywords-plus: 'SELF-RATED HEALTH; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; JOHN-HENRYISM; PERCEIVED
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISCRIMINATION; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; SOCIAL SUPPORT;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UNITED-STATES; RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT; EXPLORING VARIATIONS'
|
|
|
|
|
language: English
|
|
|
|
|
month: JAN
|
|
|
|
|
number: '1'
|
|
|
|
|
number-of-cited-references: '144'
|
|
|
|
|
orcid-numbers: Assari, Shervin/0000-0002-5054-6250
|
|
|
|
|
pages: 1-9
|
|
|
|
|
papis_id: db0250a68c187c233f8290f444910069
|
|
|
|
|
ref: Assari2018unequalgain
|
|
|
|
|
researcherid-numbers: Assari, Shervin/B-3062-2011
|
|
|
|
|
times-cited: '184'
|
|
|
|
|
title: Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups
|
2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
|
|
|
type: article
|
2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
|
|
|
unique-id: WOS:000428112000001
|
|
|
|
|
usage-count-last-180-days: '5'
|
|
|
|
|
usage-count-since-2013: '53'
|
|
|
|
|
volume: '7'
|
|
|
|
|
web-of-science-categories: Health Care Sciences \& Services; Health Policy \& Services
|
|
|
|
|
year: '2018'
|
