wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/0fc1526213fe438a6ccceaab16fdb34b-apunyo-robert-and-w/info.yaml

abstract: 'Background Globally, 13\% of the youth are not in education, employment

  or training (NEET). Moreover, this persistent problem has been

  exacerbated by the shock of Covid-19 pandemic. More youth from

  disadvantaged backgrounds are likely unemployed than those from better

  off backgrounds. Thus, the need for increased use of evidence in the

  design and implementation of youth employment interventions to increase

  effectiveness and sustainability of interventions and outcomes. Evidence

  and gap maps (EGMs) can promote evidence-based decision making by

  guiding policy makers, development partners and researchers to areas

  with good bodies of evidence and those with little or no evidence. The

  scope of the Youth Employment EGM is global. The map covers all youth

  aged 15-35 years. The three broad intervention categories included in

  the EGM are: strengthening training and education systems, enhancing

  labour market and, transforming financial sector markets. There are five

  outcome categories: education and skills; entrepreneurship; employment;

  welfare and economic outcomes. The EGM contains impact evaluations of

  interventions implemented to increase youth employment and systematic

  reviews of such single studies, published or made available between 2000

  and 2019. Objectives The primary objective was to catalogue impact

  evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment interventions to

  improve discoverability of evidence by decision makers, development

  patterners and researchers, so as to promote evidence-based decision

  making in programming and implementation of youth employment

  initiatives. Search Methods Twenty databases and websites were searched

  using a validated search strategy. Additional searches included

  searching within 21 systematic reviews, snowballing 20 most recent

  studies and citation tracking of 10 most recent studies included in the

  EGM. Selection Criteria The study selection criteria followed the PICOS

  approach of population, intervention, relevant comparison groups,

  outcomes and study design. Additional criterion is; study publication or

  availability period of between 2000 and 2021. Only impact evaluations

  and systematic reviews that included impact evaluations were selected.

  Data Collection and Analysis A total of 14,511 studies were uploaded in

  EPPI Reviewer 4 software, upon which 399 were selected using the

  criteria provided above. Coding of data took place in EPPI Reviewer

  basing on predefined codes. The unit of analysis for the report is

  individual studies where every entry represents a combination of

  interventions and outcomes. Main Results Overall, 399 studies (21

  systematic reviews and 378 impact evaluations) are included in the EGM.

  Impact evaluations (n = 378) are much more than the systematic reviews

  (n = 21). Most impact evaluations are experimental studies (n = 177),

  followed by non-experimental matching (n = 167) and other regression

  designs (n = 35). Experimental studies were mostly conducted in both

  Lower-income countries and Lower Middle Income countries while

  non-experimental study designs are the most common in both High Income

  and Upper Middle Income countries. Most evidence is from low quality

  impact evaluations (71.2\%) while majority of systematic reviews (71.4\%

  of 21) are of medium and high quality rating. The area saturated with

  most evidence is the intervention category of `training'', while the

  underrepresented are three main intervention sub-categories: information

  services; decent work policies and; entrepreneurship promotion and

  financing.

  Older youth, youth in fragility, conflict and violence contexts, or

  humanitarian settings, or ethnic minorities or those with criminal

  backgrounds are least studied. Conclusions The Youth Employment EGM

  identifies trends in evidence notably the following: Most evidence is

  from high-income countries, an indication of the relationship between a

  country''s income status and research productivity. The most common study

  designs are experimental. Most of the evidence is of low quality. This

  finding serves to alert researchers, practitioners and policy makers

  that more rigorous work is needed to inform youth employment

  interventions. Blending of interventions is practiced. While this could

  be an indication that blended intervention could be offering better

  outcomes, this remains an area with a research gap.'
affiliation: 'Apunyo, R (Corresponding Author), Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Africa
  Ctr Systemat Reviews \& Knowledge Translat, POB 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

  Apunyo, Robert; Otike, Caroline; Katairo, Thomas; Obuku, Ekwaro A., Makerere Univ,
  Coll Hlth Sci, Africa Ctr Systemat Reviews \& Knowledge Translat, POB 7072, Kampala,
  Uganda.

  White, Howard; Saran, Ashrita, Campbell Collaborat, New Delhi, India.

  Puerto, Sussana; Gardiner, Drew, Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland.

  Kinengyere, Alison Annet, Makerere Univ, Sir Albert Cook Med Lib, Coll Hlth Sci,
  Kampala, Uganda.

  Eyers, John, Int Initiat Impact Evaluat, London, England.'
article-number: e1216
author: Apunyo, Robert and White, Howard and Otike, Caroline and Katairo, Thomas and
  Puerto, Sussana and Gardiner, Drew and Kinengyere, Alison Annet and Eyers, John
  and Saran, Ashrita and Obuku, Ekwaro A.
author-email: rapuny@gmail.com
author_list:
- family: Apunyo
  given: Robert
- family: White
  given: Howard
- family: Otike
  given: Caroline
- family: Katairo
  given: Thomas
- family: Puerto
  given: Sussana
- family: Gardiner
  given: Drew
- family: Kinengyere
  given: Alison Annet
- family: Eyers
  given: John
- family: Saran
  given: Ashrita
- family: Obuku
  given: Ekwaro A.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1002/cl2.1216
eissn: 1891-1803
files: []
journal: CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
language: English
month: MAR
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '30'
orcid-numbers: Kinengyere, Alison Annet/0000-0002-5341-3218
papis_id: 83422a0121f5bdb71a1ce50e593ffc2e
ref: Apunyo2022interventionsincreas
researcherid-numbers: 'Thomas, Katairo/JEF-4518-2023

  '
times-cited: '3'
title: 'Interventions to increase youth employment: An evidence and gap map'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000770389000003
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '10'
volume: '18'
web-of-science-categories: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
year: '2022'