192 lines
6.3 KiB
YAML
192 lines
6.3 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Background Globally, 13\% of the youth are not in education, employment
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or training (NEET). Moreover, this persistent problem has been
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exacerbated by the shock of Covid-19 pandemic. More youth from
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disadvantaged backgrounds are likely unemployed than those from better
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off backgrounds. Thus, the need for increased use of evidence in the
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design and implementation of youth employment interventions to increase
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effectiveness and sustainability of interventions and outcomes. Evidence
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and gap maps (EGMs) can promote evidence-based decision making by
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guiding policy makers, development partners and researchers to areas
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with good bodies of evidence and those with little or no evidence. The
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scope of the Youth Employment EGM is global. The map covers all youth
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aged 15-35 years. The three broad intervention categories included in
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the EGM are: strengthening training and education systems, enhancing
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labour market and, transforming financial sector markets. There are five
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outcome categories: education and skills; entrepreneurship; employment;
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welfare and economic outcomes. The EGM contains impact evaluations of
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interventions implemented to increase youth employment and systematic
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reviews of such single studies, published or made available between 2000
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and 2019. Objectives The primary objective was to catalogue impact
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evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment interventions to
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improve discoverability of evidence by decision makers, development
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patterners and researchers, so as to promote evidence-based decision
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making in programming and implementation of youth employment
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initiatives. Search Methods Twenty databases and websites were searched
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using a validated search strategy. Additional searches included
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searching within 21 systematic reviews, snowballing 20 most recent
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studies and citation tracking of 10 most recent studies included in the
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EGM. Selection Criteria The study selection criteria followed the PICOS
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approach of population, intervention, relevant comparison groups,
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outcomes and study design. Additional criterion is; study publication or
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availability period of between 2000 and 2021. Only impact evaluations
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and systematic reviews that included impact evaluations were selected.
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Data Collection and Analysis A total of 14,511 studies were uploaded in
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EPPI Reviewer 4 software, upon which 399 were selected using the
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criteria provided above. Coding of data took place in EPPI Reviewer
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basing on predefined codes. The unit of analysis for the report is
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individual studies where every entry represents a combination of
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interventions and outcomes. Main Results Overall, 399 studies (21
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systematic reviews and 378 impact evaluations) are included in the EGM.
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Impact evaluations (n = 378) are much more than the systematic reviews
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(n = 21). Most impact evaluations are experimental studies (n = 177),
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followed by non-experimental matching (n = 167) and other regression
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designs (n = 35). Experimental studies were mostly conducted in both
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Lower-income countries and Lower Middle Income countries while
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non-experimental study designs are the most common in both High Income
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and Upper Middle Income countries. Most evidence is from low quality
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impact evaluations (71.2\%) while majority of systematic reviews (71.4\%
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of 21) are of medium and high quality rating. The area saturated with
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most evidence is the intervention category of `training'', while the
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underrepresented are three main intervention sub-categories: information
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services; decent work policies and; entrepreneurship promotion and
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financing.
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Older youth, youth in fragility, conflict and violence contexts, or
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humanitarian settings, or ethnic minorities or those with criminal
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backgrounds are least studied. Conclusions The Youth Employment EGM
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identifies trends in evidence notably the following: Most evidence is
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from high-income countries, an indication of the relationship between a
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country''s income status and research productivity. The most common study
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designs are experimental. Most of the evidence is of low quality. This
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finding serves to alert researchers, practitioners and policy makers
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that more rigorous work is needed to inform youth employment
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interventions. Blending of interventions is practiced. While this could
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be an indication that blended intervention could be offering better
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outcomes, this remains an area with a research gap.'
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affiliation: 'Apunyo, R (Corresponding Author), Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Africa
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Ctr Systemat Reviews \& Knowledge Translat, POB 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
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Apunyo, Robert; Otike, Caroline; Katairo, Thomas; Obuku, Ekwaro A., Makerere Univ,
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Coll Hlth Sci, Africa Ctr Systemat Reviews \& Knowledge Translat, POB 7072, Kampala,
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Uganda.
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White, Howard; Saran, Ashrita, Campbell Collaborat, New Delhi, India.
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Puerto, Sussana; Gardiner, Drew, Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kinengyere, Alison Annet, Makerere Univ, Sir Albert Cook Med Lib, Coll Hlth Sci,
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Kampala, Uganda.
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Eyers, John, Int Initiat Impact Evaluat, London, England.'
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article-number: e1216
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author: Apunyo, Robert and White, Howard and Otike, Caroline and Katairo, Thomas and
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Puerto, Sussana and Gardiner, Drew and Kinengyere, Alison Annet and Eyers, John
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and Saran, Ashrita and Obuku, Ekwaro A.
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author-email: rapuny@gmail.com
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author_list:
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- family: Apunyo
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given: Robert
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- family: White
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given: Howard
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- family: Otike
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given: Caroline
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- family: Katairo
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given: Thomas
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- family: Puerto
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given: Sussana
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- family: Gardiner
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given: Drew
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- family: Kinengyere
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given: Alison Annet
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- family: Eyers
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given: John
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- family: Saran
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given: Ashrita
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- family: Obuku
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given: Ekwaro A.
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1002/cl2.1216
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eissn: 1891-1803
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files: []
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journal: CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
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language: English
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month: MAR
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number: '1'
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number-of-cited-references: '30'
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orcid-numbers: Kinengyere, Alison Annet/0000-0002-5341-3218
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papis_id: 83422a0121f5bdb71a1ce50e593ffc2e
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ref: Apunyo2022interventionsincreas
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researcherid-numbers: 'Thomas, Katairo/JEF-4518-2023
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'
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times-cited: '3'
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title: 'Interventions to increase youth employment: An evidence and gap map'
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type: article
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unique-id: WOS:000770389000003
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usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
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usage-count-since-2013: '10'
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volume: '18'
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web-of-science-categories: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
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year: '2022'
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