118 lines
4 KiB
YAML
118 lines
4 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Background: The relative importance of income, poverty and unemployment
|
|
|
|
status for mental health is unclear, and understanding this has
|
|
|
|
implications for income and welfare policy design. We aimed to assess
|
|
|
|
the association between changes in these exposures and mental health.
|
|
|
|
Methods: We measured effects of three transition exposures between waves
|
|
|
|
of the UK Household Longitudinal Study from 2010/11-2019/20 (n=38,697,
|
|
|
|
obs=173,859): income decreases/increases, moving in/out of poverty, and
|
|
|
|
job losses/gains. The outcome was General Health Questionnaire (GHQ),
|
|
|
|
which measures likelihood of common mental disorder (CMD) as a
|
|
|
|
continuous (GHQ-36) and binary measure (score =4 = case). We used
|
|
|
|
fixed-effects linear and linear probability models to adjust for time
|
|
|
|
invariant and time-varying confounders. To investigate effect
|
|
|
|
modification, we stratified analyses by age, sex and highest education.
|
|
|
|
Results: A 10\% income decrease/increase was associated with a 0.02\%
|
|
|
|
increase (95\% CI 0.00, 0.04) and 0.01\% reduction (95\% CI -0.03, 0.02)
|
|
|
|
in likelihood of CMD respectively. Effect sizes were larger for moving
|
|
|
|
into poverty (+1.8\% {[}0.2, 3.5]), out of poverty (1.8\%, {[}-3.2,
|
|
|
|
0.3]), job loss (+15.8\%, {[}13.6, 18.0]) and job gain (11.4\%,
|
|
|
|
{[}-14.4, 8.4]). The effect of new poverty was greater for women (+2.3\%
|
|
|
|
{[}0.8, 3.9] versus +1.2\% {[}-1.1, 3.5] for men) but the opposite was
|
|
|
|
true for job loss (+17.8\% {[}14.4, 21.2] for men versus +13.5\% {[}9.8,
|
|
|
|
17.2] for women). There were no clear differences by age, but those with
|
|
|
|
least education experienced the largest effects from poverty
|
|
|
|
transitions, especially moving out of poverty (2.9\%, {[}-5.7, 0.0]).
|
|
|
|
Conclusions: Moving into unemployment was most strongly associated with
|
|
|
|
CMD, with poverty also important but income effects generally much
|
|
|
|
smaller. Men appear most sensitive to employment transitions, but
|
|
|
|
poverty may have larger impacts on women and those with least education.
|
|
|
|
As the COVID-19 pandemic recedes, minimising unemployment as well as
|
|
|
|
poverty is crucial for population mental health.'
|
|
affiliation: 'Katikireddi, SV (Corresponding Author), Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social
|
|
\& Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Berkeley Sq,99 Berkeley St, Glasgow G3 7HR, Lanark, Scotland.
|
|
|
|
Kromydas, Theocharis; Thomson, Rachel M.; Pulford, Andrew; Green, Michael J.; Katikireddi,
|
|
S. Vittal, Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social \& Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Berkeley Sq,99 Berkeley
|
|
St, Glasgow G3 7HR, Lanark, Scotland.
|
|
|
|
Pulford, Andrew; Katikireddi, S. Vittal, Publ Hlth Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian,
|
|
Scotland.'
|
|
article-number: '100909'
|
|
author: Kromydas, Theocharis and Thomson, Rachel M. and Pulford, Andrew and Green,
|
|
Michael J. and Katikireddi, S. Vittal
|
|
author-email: Vittal.Katikireddi@glasgow.ac.uk
|
|
author_list:
|
|
- family: Kromydas
|
|
given: Theocharis
|
|
- family: Thomson
|
|
given: Rachel M.
|
|
- family: Pulford
|
|
given: Andrew
|
|
- family: Green
|
|
given: Michael J.
|
|
- family: Katikireddi
|
|
given: S. Vittal
|
|
da: '2023-09-28'
|
|
doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100909
|
|
earlyaccessdate: SEP 2021
|
|
files: []
|
|
issn: 2352-8273
|
|
journal: SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
|
|
keywords: Mental health; Income; Poverty; Employment; Welfare; Health inequalities
|
|
keywords-plus: 'DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; INCOME; DISORDERS; WELL; UNEMPLOYMENT; PREVALENCE;
|
|
|
|
HAPPINESS; POLICIES; IMPACT; CHILD'
|
|
language: English
|
|
month: SEP
|
|
number-of-cited-references: '52'
|
|
orcid-numbers: 'Thomson, Rachel/0000-0002-3060-939X
|
|
|
|
Katikireddi, Srinivasa/0000-0001-6593-9092
|
|
|
|
Pulford, Andrew/0000-0001-8378-3431
|
|
|
|
Green, Michael/0000-0003-3193-2452'
|
|
papis_id: 15ac5e0b3a8b5850b9fc5fc5d0cc00ec
|
|
ref: Kromydas2021whichis
|
|
researcherid-numbers: 'Green, Michael J/E-8370-2012
|
|
|
|
'
|
|
times-cited: '11'
|
|
title: 'Which is most important for mental health: Money, poverty, or paid work? A
|
|
fixed-effects analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study'
|
|
type: article
|
|
unique-id: WOS:000697998100090
|
|
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
|
|
usage-count-since-2013: '15'
|
|
volume: '15'
|
|
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
|
|
year: '2021'
|