114 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
114 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'As the severity of the triple challenges of global inequality, climate
|
|
|
|
change and biodiversity loss becomes clearer, governments and
|
|
|
|
international development institutions must find effective policy
|
|
|
|
instruments to respond. We examine the potential of social assistance
|
|
|
|
policies in this context. Social assistance refers to transfers to poor,
|
|
|
|
vulnerable and marginalized groups to reduce their vulnerability and
|
|
|
|
livelihood risks, and to enhance their rights and status. Substantial
|
|
|
|
public funds support social assistance programmes globally.
|
|
|
|
Collectively, lower- and middle-income countries spend approximately
|
|
|
|
1.5\% of their GDP on social assistance annually. We focus on the
|
|
|
|
potential of paid employment schemes to promote effective ecosystem
|
|
|
|
stewardship. Available evidence suggests such programmes can offer
|
|
|
|
multiple benefits in terms of improvements in local ecosystems and
|
|
|
|
natural capital, carbon sequestration and local biodiversity
|
|
|
|
conservation. We review evidence from three key case studies: in India
|
|
|
|
(the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme),
|
|
|
|
Ethiopia (the Productive Safety Nets Programme) and Mexico (the
|
|
|
|
Temporary Employment Programme). We conclude that, to realize the
|
|
|
|
potential of employment-based social assistance for ecosystem benefits
|
|
|
|
it will be necessary to address two challenges: first, the weak design
|
|
|
|
and maintenance of local public works outputs in many schemes, and
|
|
|
|
second, the concern that social protection schemes may become less
|
|
|
|
effective if they are overburdened with additional objectives.
|
|
|
|
Overcoming these challenges requires an evolution of institutional
|
|
|
|
systems for delivering social assistance to enable a more effective
|
|
|
|
combination of social and environmental objectives. This article is part
|
|
|
|
of the theme issue `Climate change and ecosystems: threats,
|
|
|
|
opportunities and solutions''.'
|
|
affiliation: 'Seddon, N (Corresponding Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Nat Based
|
|
Solut Initiat, Oxford, England.
|
|
|
|
Norton, Andrew; Shakya, Clare; Porras, Ina, Int Inst Environm \& Dev, London, England.
|
|
|
|
Seddon, Nathalie, Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Nat Based Solut Initiat, Oxford, England.
|
|
|
|
Agrawal, Arun, Univ Michigan, Sch Environm \& Sustainabil, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
|
|
|
|
Kaur, Nanki, Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Adaptat \& Resilience Bldg, Kathmandu, Nepal.'
|
|
article-number: '20190127'
|
|
author: Norton, Andrew and Seddon, Nathalie and Agrawal, Arun and Shakya, Clare and
|
|
Kaur, Nanki and Porras, Ina
|
|
author-email: nathalie.seddon@zoo.ox.ac.uk
|
|
author_list:
|
|
- family: Norton
|
|
given: Andrew
|
|
- family: Seddon
|
|
given: Nathalie
|
|
- family: Agrawal
|
|
given: Arun
|
|
- family: Shakya
|
|
given: Clare
|
|
- family: Kaur
|
|
given: Nanki
|
|
- family: Porras
|
|
given: Ina
|
|
da: '2023-09-28'
|
|
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0127
|
|
eissn: 1471-2970
|
|
files: []
|
|
issn: 0962-8436
|
|
journal: PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
|
|
keywords: social protection; ecosystem stewardship; climate change
|
|
keywords-plus: 'CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS; SAFETY NET PROGRAM; POVERTY; FOOD; IMPACT;
|
|
|
|
INDIA; DEFORESTATION; PROTECTION; MANAGEMENT; COUNTRIES'
|
|
language: English
|
|
month: MAR 16
|
|
number: 1794, SI
|
|
number-of-cited-references: '75'
|
|
orcid-numbers: 'Agrawal, Arun/0000-0001-6796-2958
|
|
|
|
Seddon, Nathalie/0000-0002-1880-6104'
|
|
papis_id: 4752fe342e89af35f7afa90d2430a1f1
|
|
ref: Norton2020harnessingemployment
|
|
researcherid-numbers: 'Agrawal, Arun/A-4257-2009
|
|
|
|
'
|
|
times-cited: '15'
|
|
title: Harnessing employment-based social assistance programmes to scale up nature-based
|
|
climate action
|
|
type: article
|
|
unique-id: WOS:000509531700019
|
|
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
|
|
usage-count-since-2013: '25'
|
|
volume: '375'
|
|
web-of-science-categories: Biology
|
|
year: '2020'
|