22 lines
2.5 KiB
Text
22 lines
2.5 KiB
Text
area of policy,findings,channels,studies
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trade liberalisation,evidence for slightly negative effects on income equality,highly dependent on targeting/micro-economic factors,Xu2021;Khan2021;Liyanaarachchi2016;Rendall2013
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,,increase in sectorial wage differences
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,,growing income gap if transfers to low-income households do not rise with liberalisation
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,evidence for reduction of absolute poverty,,Rendall2013;Liyanaarachchi2016
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,mixed evidence for effect of FDI on long-term income equality,requires incentive structure to directly connect local business with outside economies,Adams2015;Xu2021
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,,correctly targeted FDI can generate low-skill agricultural employment
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fiscal policies,evidence for wage/firm subsidies increasing income equality,effective targeting crucial to reach disadvantaged sectors,Wang2020;Go2010;Rendall2013;Cieplinski2021
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,,wage subsidy increases formal employment but can lead to wage compression
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,evidence for wage/firm subsidies to reduce absolute poverty,lifting of credit constraints through income gains,Go2010
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techn. change,evidence for legal contraceptive access increasing gender income equality,"educational attainment, occupational upgrading and later labour market exit",Bailey2012
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infrastructure,evidence for increase in spatial equality,increased employment probability through large-scale rural energy projects,Kuriyama2021
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,mixed evidence for increase of existing inequalities,elite policy capture can exacerbate existing social exclusion & disadvantages,Kuriyama2021;Stock2021
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,mixed evidence for transport infrastructure effects on income inequality,deficit-/tariff-financing can exacerbate spatia inequality,Blumenberg2014;Adam2018
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,,transit-rich area creation alone not enough for employment gains
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access to education,evidence for increasing income equality,human capital building,Adams2015;Bailey2012;Pi2016;Suh2017;Emigh2018
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,,occupational upgrading and increased probability for formal employment
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,evidence for increasing gender and spatial income equality ,gendered occupational upgrading can decrease gender pay gap,Xu2021;Mukhopadhaya2003;Pi2016;Bailey2012;Suh2017
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,,education alone necessary but not sufficient condition for increased FLFP
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,,higher overall access but more inequal access can generate new inequalities
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,evidence for increased employment equality for people with disabilities,increased employment probability and hours worked,Shepherd-Banigan2021;Gates2000;Poppen2017;Thoresen2021;Rosen2014
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,,strong remaining intersectional gender inequalities require effective targeting
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