@ -516,7 +516,6 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl
title = {Assessing the Distributional Effects of Regulation in Developing Countries},
author = {Adams, Samuel and Atsu, Francis},
year = {2015},
month = sep,
journal = {Journal of Policy Modeling},
volume = {37},
number = {5},
@ -774,8 +773,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl
type = {Article},
title = {Labor Market Reforms, Growth, and Unemployment in Labor-Exporting Countries in the {{Middle East}} and {{North Africa}}},
author = {Agenor, Pierre-Richard and Nabli, Mustapha K. and Yousef, Tarik and Jensen, Henning Tarp},
year = {2007},
month = mar,
year = {2007-03/2007-04},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
@ -1426,8 +1424,7 @@ Lastly, it finds stronger results among women, unemployed, less experienced appl
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Ex ante evaluation of the basic income in Ecuador: Effects on poverty and inequality}},
author = {Albuja Echeverria, Wilson Santiago},
year = {2021},
month = jul,
year = {2021-07/2021-09},
journal = {TRIMESTRE ECONOMICO},
volume = {88},
number = {351},
@ -2439,8 +2436,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency in outcomes (no WoW)},
type = {Article},
title = {Core-Peripheral Structure and Regional Governance: {{Implications}} of Paul Krugman's New Economic Geography for Public Administration},
author = {Andrew, Simon A. and Feiock, Richard C.},
year = {2010},
month = may,
year = {2010-05/2010-06},
journal = {PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW},
volume = {70},
number = {3},
@ -3053,8 +3049,7 @@ The authors conclude that, while there are modest positive outcomes, none of the
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Financial evaluation of a Universal Basic Income in Andalusia}},
author = {Artero Lopez, Jesus and {Gomez-Alvarez Diaz}, Rosario and Patino Rodriguez, David},
year = {2021},
month = jan,
year = {2021-01/2021-04},
journal = {REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES},
number = {120},
pages = {129--164},
@ -5032,8 +5027,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions},
type = {Article},
title = {Effects of Sharing the Parental Leave on Pensioners' Poverty and Gender Inequality in Old Age: {{A}} Simulation in {{IFSIM}}},
author = {Baroni, Elisa},
year = {2011},
month = mar,
year = {2011-03/2011-04},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
@ -5995,8 +5989,7 @@ might be relevant due to focus on minimum wage policy interventions},
type = {Editorial Material},
title = {China's Transition and Feminist Economics},
author = {Berik, Guenseli and Dong, Xiao-yuan and Summerfield, Gale},
year = {2007},
month = jul,
year = {2007-07/2007-10},
journal = {FEMINIST ECONOMICS},
volume = {13},
number = {3-4},
@ -13001,8 +12994,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy},
@article{Debowicz2014,
title = {The Impact of {{Oportunidades}} on Human Capital and Income Distribution in {{Mexico}}: {{A}} Top-down/Bottom-up Approach},
author = {Debowicz, Dario and Golan, Jennifer},
year = {2014},
month = jan,
year = {2014-01/2014-02},
journal = {Journal of Policy Modeling},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
@ -15304,8 +15296,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {Long-Run Growth Scenarios for the World Economy},
author = {Duval, Romain and {de la Maisonneuve}, Christine},
year = {2010},
month = jan,
year = {2010-01/2010-02},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
@ -15812,8 +15803,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {Strategic Communications in Oral Health: {{Influencing}} Public and Professional Opinions and Actions},
author = {Edmunds, M and Fulwood, C},
year = {2002},
month = mar,
year = {2002-03/2002-04},
journal = {AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS},
volume = {2},
number = {2, S},
@ -16346,8 +16336,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {A Critical Analysis of the Pension System in {{Turkey}} from a Gender Equality Perspective},
author = {Elveren, Adem Y.},
year = {2013},
month = nov,
year = {2013-11/2013-12},
journal = {Womens Studies International Forum},
volume = {41},
number = {1, SI},
@ -16855,8 +16844,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {The Rights-Based Approach to Care Policies: {{Latin American}} Experience},
author = {Esquivel, Valeria},
year = {2017},
month = oct,
year = {2017-10/2017-12},
journal = {INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW},
volume = {70},
number = {4, SI},
@ -17129,8 +17117,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {Differences in Perceptions of Career Barriers and Supports for People with Disabilities by Demographic, Background and Case Status Factors},
author = {Fabian, Ellen S. and Beveridge, Scott and Ethridge, Glacia},
year = {2009},
month = jan,
year = {2009-01/2009-03},
journal = {JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
@ -18959,8 +18946,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Women and Work in Modern Society - the Importance of ``Gendered'' Work}},
author = {Galic, Branka},
year = {2011},
month = jan,
year = {2011-01/2011-04},
journal = {SOCIOLOGIJA I PROSTOR},
volume = {49},
number = {189},
@ -19119,8 +19105,7 @@ does NOT look at LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {Community-Based Primary Care: {{Improving}} and Assessing Diabetes Management},
author = {Gannon, Meghan and Qaseem, Amir and Snow, Vincenza},
year = {2010},
month = jan,
year = {2010-01/2010-02},
journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
@ -20314,8 +20299,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin
type = {{Article}},
title = {{People with disabilities: barriers to access to employment and some alternatives of inclusion in Colombia}},
author = {Gomez Rua, Natalia Eugenia and Perez Medina, Ana Lucia and Lopez Arango, Diana Maria and Medina Ruiz, Maria Fernanda},
year = {2020},
month = jun,
year = {2020-06/2020-12},
journal = {REVISTA CES DERECHO},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
@ -21978,8 +21962,7 @@ Lastly, there is a large gender heterogeneity, with women increasing their busin
type = {Article},
title = {Developing the {{Nurse Practitioner}} Role in a Rural {{Australian}} Hospital - a {{Delphi}} Study of Practice Opportunities, Barriers and Enablers},
author = {Haines, Helen M. and Critchley, Jennifer},
year = {2009},
month = sep,
year = {2009-09/2009-11},
journal = {AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
@ -24564,8 +24547,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part
type = {Article},
title = {Services for People with Communication Disability in {{Fiji}}: Barriers and Drivers of Change},
author = {Hopf, S. C. and McLeod, S.},
year = {2015},
month = jul,
year = {2015-07/2015-09},
journal = {RURAL AND REMOTE HEALTH},
volume = {15},
number = {2863},
@ -25578,8 +25560,7 @@ The study takes care to note that after its last follow-up survey, for some part
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Why the U. S. needs a \$15 minimum wage. How the Raise the Wage Act would benefit U. S. workers and their families}},
author = {Inst, Economic Policy and Project, Natl Employment Law},
year = {2021},
month = apr,
year = {2021-04/2021-06},
journal = {TRIMESTRE ECONOMICO},
volume = {88},
number = {350},
@ -27074,8 +27055,7 @@ no PI}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Female union exclusions: The deepening of gender inequalities in labor world and institutions of union power}},
author = {Julieta Rodriguez, Tania and Cuellar Camarena, Maria Andrea},
year = {2018},
month = nov,
year = {2018-11/2018-04},
journal = {DERECHO Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES},
number = {20},
pages = {33--47},
@ -30235,8 +30215,7 @@ policy recc:
type = {Article; Proceedings Paper},
title = {Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments - {{A}} Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less-Favored {{Ethiopian}} Village},
author = {Kuiper, Marijke and Ruben, Ruerd},
year = {2007},
month = sep,
year = {2007-09/2007-11},
journal = {AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS},
volume = {37},
number = {2-3},
@ -30969,8 +30948,7 @@ policy recc: changes to FLFP require replacement of traditional value system bas
type = {Article},
title = {Exchanging Sex for Material Resources: {{Reinforcement}} of Gender and Oppressive Survival Strategy},
author = {Lavee, Einat},
year = {2016},
month = may,
year = {2016-05/2016-06},
journal = {WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM},
volume = {56},
pages = {83--91},
@ -32392,8 +32370,7 @@ policy recc:
type = {Article},
title = {Depressive Symptoms among Working Women in Rural {{North Carolina}}: {{A}} Comparison of Women in Poultry Processing and Other Low-Wage Jobs},
author = {Lipscomb, Hester J. and Dement, John M. and Epling, Carol A. and Gaynes, Bradley N. and McDonald, Mary Anne and Schoenfisch, Ashley L.},
year = {2007},
month = jul,
year = {2007-07/2007-10},
journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY},
volume = {30},
number = {4-5},
@ -32521,8 +32498,7 @@ policy recc:
type = {Article; Proceedings Paper},
title = {Protection of Female Workers' Rights in Employment},
author = {Loan, Nguyen Thi Hong and Trang, Pham Thu and Anh, Nguyen Thi Ngoc and Thuy, Bui Thi Thu and Thai, Nguyen Hong},
year = {2021},
month = jul,
year = {2021-07/2021-12},
journal = {INZYNIERIA MINERALNA-JOURNAL OF THE POLISH MINERAL ENGINEERING SOCIETY},
number = {2},
pages = {505--512},
@ -34521,8 +34497,7 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions}
type = {Article},
title = {Behind Closed Doors a Thematic Analysis of Diabetes Community Health Worker Home Visit Content},
author = {McClellan, Sean P. and Boyd, Tyler W. and Hendrix, Jacqueline and Pena, Kryztal and Swider, Susan M. and Martin, Molly A. and Rothschild, Steven K.},
year = {2022},
month = oct,
year = {2022-10/2022-12},
journal = {FAMILY \& COMMUNITY HEALTH},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
@ -34712,8 +34687,7 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions}
type = {Article},
title = {New Evidence Regarding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health: {{Policy}} Implications},
author = {McGuive, Thomas G. and Miranda, Jeanne},
year = {2008},
month = mar,
year = {2008-03/2008-04},
journal = {HEALTH AFFAIRS},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
@ -36598,8 +36572,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes}
type = {Article},
title = {Work Organization, Area Labor-Market Characteristics, and Depression among {{US}} Nursing Home Workers: {{A}} Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis},
author = {Muntaner, C and Li, Y and Xue, {\relax XN} and O'Campo, P and Chung, {\relax HJ} and Eaton, {\relax WW}},
year = {2004},
month = oct,
year = {2004-10/2004-12},
journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
@ -37240,8 +37213,7 @@ NO LM adjacency for outcomes}
type = {Article},
title = {Health Care Organizations' Use of Race/Ethnicity Data to Address Quality Disparities - {{Many}} of These Projects Have Worked, but There Is Still Much Room for Improvement.},
author = {Nerenz, {\relax DR}},
year = {2005},
month = mar,
year = {2005-03/2005-04},
journal = {HEALTH AFFAIRS},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
@ -38480,8 +38452,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o
type = {{Article}},
title = {{The Young Mother and the Labor Market}},
author = {Ogido, Rosalina and Schor, Neia},
year = {2012},
month = oct,
year = {2012-10/2012-12},
journal = {SAUDE E SOCIEDADE},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
@ -38506,8 +38477,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o
type = {Article},
title = {Racial Earnings Inequality in {{South Africa}}: {{An}} Assessment of Policy Options},
author = {O'Gorman, Melanie},
year = {2010},
month = nov,
year = {2010-11/2010-12},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
@ -39269,8 +39239,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o
type = {Article},
title = {Sustainable Development: {{Does}} Improvement in Education and Health of Women Improve Female Labour Force Participation Rate?},
author = {Osundina, Olawumi Abeni},
year = {2020},
month = jan,
year = {2020-01/2020-02},
journal = {SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
@ -39996,8 +39965,7 @@ barrier/facilitators: self-advocacy, support of employer and community, amount o
type = {Article},
title = {Effects of Flat Tax Reforms in {{Western Europe}}},
author = {Paulus, Alari and Peichl, Andreas},
year = {2009},
month = sep,
year = {2009-09/2009-10},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {31},
number = {5, SI},
@ -40384,8 +40352,7 @@ migration.},
type = {Review},
title = {Oral Cancer Prevention and Control - {{The}} Approach of the {{World Health Organization}}},
author = {Petersen, Poul Erik},
year = {2009},
month = apr,
year = {2009-04/2009-05},
journal = {ORAL ONCOLOGY},
volume = {45},
number = {4-5},
@ -41781,8 +41748,7 @@ Additionally, the study finds an increased participants' reservation wage for en
type = {{Article}},
title = {{The work inclusion of people with disabilities: an ethnographic study in five Autonomous Communities of Spain}},
author = {Pupiales Rueda, Bernarda Elisa and Cordoba Andrade, Leonor},
year = {2016},
month = jul,
year = {2016-07/2016-12},
journal = {ARCHIVOS DE MEDICINA},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
@ -44526,8 +44492,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Minimum wage policy: influence on economic inequality in the European Union}},
author = {Sanchez Vellve, Francisco J.},
year = {2017},
month = oct,
year = {2017-10/2017-12},
journal = {INVESTIGACION ECONOMICA},
volume = {76},
number = {302},
@ -49240,8 +49205,7 @@ does NOT look at PI}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Political economy of inequality in Argentina (2003-2015): Labor institutions and social protection}},
author = {Trujillo, Lucia and Retamozo, Martin},
year = {2017},
month = jan,
year = {2017-01/2017-06},
journal = {TEMAS Y DEBATES},
number = {33},
pages = {35--61},
@ -51132,8 +51096,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions}
type = {Article},
title = {Subdividing the Digital Divide: {{Differences}} in Internet Access and Use among Rural Residents with Medical Limitations},
author = {Wang, Jong-Yi and Bennett, Kevin and Probst, Janice},
year = {2011},
month = jan,
year = {2011-01/2011-03},
journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH},
volume = {13},
number = {e25},
@ -53808,8 +53771,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income
type = {Article},
title = {The Left and Constitutional Reform, Gladstone to Miliband},
author = {Morgan, Kenneth O.},
year = {2013},
month = jan,
year = {2013-01/2013-03},
journal = {POLITICAL QUARTERLY},
volume = {84},
number = {1},
@ -54077,8 +54039,7 @@ outcome variables are absolute, not looking at INEQUALITY outcomes (only income
type = {Article},
title = {Poverty and Intra-Household Distribution of Work Time in {{Turkey}}: {{Analysis}} and Some Policy Implications},
author = {Ones, Umut and Memis, Emel and Kizilirmak, Burca},
year = {2013},
month = nov,
year = {2013-11/2013-12},
journal = {WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM},
volume = {41},
number = {1, SI},
@ -55236,8 +55197,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Parenthood and Domestic Division of Labour in Spain, 2002-2010}},
author = {{Dominguez-Folgueras}, Marta},
year = {2015},
month = jan,
year = {2015-01/2015-03},
journal = {REVISTA ESPANOLA DE INVESTIGACIONES SOCIOLOGICAS},
number = {149},
pages = {45--63},
@ -56047,8 +56007,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Racial Disparities in Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Disorders among Community-Dwelling Women},
author = {Mandimika, Charisse Laura and Murk, William and Mcpencow, Alexandra M. and Lake, AeuMuro G. and Miller, Devin and Connell, Kathleen Anne and Guess, Marsha Kathleen},
year = {2015},
month = sep,
year = {2015-09/2015-10},
journal = {FEMALE PELVIC MEDICINE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
@ -56167,8 +56126,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Food Sovereignty: {{Alternatives}} to Failed Food and Hunger Policies},
@ -57279,8 +57237,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Review},
title = {Government's Role in Promoting Healthy Living},
author = {Whitsel, Laurie P.},
year = {2017},
month = mar,
year = {2017-03/2017-04},
journal = {PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
@ -57503,8 +57460,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{The Magic Towns Committees and Tourism Development: Tepotzotlan and El Oro, Estado De Mexico}},
author = {{Rosas-Jaco}, M. Isabel and {Almeraya-Quintero}, S. Xochilt and {Guajardo-Hernandez}, L. Gerardo},
year = {2017},
month = jan,
year = {2017-01/2017-03},
journal = {AGRICULTURA SOCIEDAD Y DESARROLLO},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
@ -58526,8 +58482,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Entrepreneurship as Activism? {{Resisting}} Gentrification in Oakland, California},
author = {Alkon, Alison Hope},
year = {2018},
month = may,
year = {2018-05/2018-06},
journal = {RAE-REVISTA DE ADMINISTRACAO DE EMPRESAS},
volume = {58},
number = {3},
@ -58900,8 +58855,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{The triad: initiation, transit and consolidation versus return of women that move from Tangier to Andalucia in a context of economic crisis}},
author = {Morcillo Martinez, Juana Ma and Sotomayor Morales, Eva Ma and {de la Fuente Robles}, Yolanda Ma},
year = {2018},
month = jan,
year = {2018-01/2018-04},
journal = {REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES},
number = {111},
pages = {157--180},
@ -59263,8 +59217,7 @@ but not inequalities in specific}
type = {Article},
title = {Insights on Women's Labor Participation in {{Gulf Cooperation Council}} Countries},
author = {Murray, Janet Y. and {Zhang-Zhang}, Yingying},
year = {2018},
month = sep,
year = {2018-09/2018-10},
journal = {BUSINESS HORIZONS},
volume = {61},
number = {5},
@ -59910,8 +59863,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{THE MICRO-ENTERPRISES AND THE NEED FOR STRENGTHENING: REFLECTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN AREA OF MANABI, ECUADOR}},
author = {Bustamante, Ruth Yadira Sumba and Villacreses, C. Karim Lourdes Santistevan},
year = {2018},
month = oct,
year = {2018-10/2018-12},
journal = {REVISTA UNIVERSIDAD Y SOCIEDAD},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
@ -61199,8 +61151,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions}
type = {Article},
title = {Secondary School Dropout and Work Outcomes in Ten Developing Countries},
author = {Mussida, Chiara and Sciulli, Dario and Signorelli, Marcello},
year = {2019},
month = jul,
year = {2019-07/2019-08},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
@ -61621,8 +61572,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions}
type = {Article},
title = {Forget about `the Ideal Worker': {{A}} Theoretical Contribution to the Debate on Flexible Workplace Designs, Work/Life Conflict, and Opportunities for Gender Equality},
author = {Peters, Pascale and Blomme, Robert Jan},
year = {2019},
month = sep,
year = {2019-09/2019-10},
journal = {BUSINESS HORIZONS},
volume = {62},
number = {5},
@ -63623,8 +63573,7 @@ no LM adjacency}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Some variables that influence gender perceptions in the Chilean Judicial Branch}},
author = {Fuentealba Carrasco, Pablo and Sanchez Pezo, Gabriela and Gauche Marchetti, Ximena and Santana Silva, Daniela and Rioseco Vallejos, Valentina and Sanhueza Riffo, Cynthia and Gonzalez Fuente, Rodrigo and Dominguez Montoya, Alvaro and Bustos Ibarra, Cecilia and Perez Diaz, Cecilia and Barria Paredes, Manuel},
year = {2020},
month = jan,
year = {2020-01/2020-06},
journal = {REVISTA CES DERECHO},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
@ -64791,8 +64740,7 @@ no LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {The Pandemic and the Labor Market in {{Brazil}}},
author = {Costa, Simone da Silva},
year = {2020},
month = jul,
year = {2020-07/2020-08},
journal = {REVISTA DE ADMINISTRACAO PUBLICA},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
@ -66361,8 +66309,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Gender Inequality in the Economy of Modern Russia: A Quantitative Analysis of the Problem}},
author = {Lipatova, L. N.},
year = {2021},
month = jan,
year = {2021-01/2021-03},
journal = {REGIONOLOGIYA-REGIONOLOGY RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF REGIONAL STUDIES},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
@ -66563,8 +66510,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency}
type = {Article},
title = {Determinants of Deglobalization: {{A}} Hierarchical Model to Explore Their Interrelations as a Conduit to Policy},
author = {Garg, Shamita and {Sushil}},
year = {2021},
month = mar,
year = {2021-03/2021-04},
journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING},
volume = {43},
number = {2},
@ -68121,8 +68067,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{MEXICAN WOMEN'S UNEQUAL PARTICIPATION ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACCESS AND BENEFITS}},
author = {Ramirez Lopez, Berenice Patricia and Nava Bolanos, Isalia and Granados Martinez, Abraham and Badillo Gonzalez, Gabriel},
year = {2020},
month = jan,
year = {2020-01/2020-06},
journal = {REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE DERECHO SOCIAL},
volume = {30},
pages = {95--122},
@ -68392,8 +68337,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Gender parity in international organizations: discourses v numbers}},
author = {Lenine, Enzo and Pereira, Manuela},
year = {2021},
month = oct,
year = {2021-10/2021-01},
journal = {RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID},
number = {48},
pages = {101--121},
@ -69128,8 +69072,7 @@ does NOT look at policy intervention w LM adjacency}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Development of scales to study barriers and needed measures to address gender-based violence in schools}},
author = {{Saletti-Cuesta}, Lorena and Aizenberg, Lila and Torres, Eduardo and Sanchez, Lucia Florencia},
year = {2022},
month = jan,
year = {2022-01/2022-04},
journal = {INTERDISCIPLINARIA},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
@ -70083,8 +70026,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {A Web-Based Intervention for Youth with Physical Disabilities: {{Comparing}} the Role of Mentors in 12- and 4-{{Week}} Formats},
author = {Lindsay, Sally and Cagliostro, Elaine},
year = {2020},
month = jan,
year = {2020-01/2020-06},
journal = {JMIR PEDIATRICS AND PARENTING},
volume = {3},
number = {e15813},
@ -71285,8 +71227,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{The open science project in an unequal world}},
author = {Beigel, Fernanda},
year = {2022},
month = jun,
year = {2022-06/2022-09},
journal = {RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID},
number = {50},
pages = {163--181},
@ -71480,8 +71421,7 @@ does not look at specific policy intervention}
type = {{Article}},
title = {{Transgression of the rights of women and the LGBT community due to gender inequality in public office}},
author = {{Acosta-Toledo}, Nicole and {Vasquez-Lapeira}, Mario and Pereira Ortega, Duanys Liesel},
year = {2022},
month = jul,
year = {2022-07/2022-12},
journal = {DIXI},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
@ -73296,8 +73236,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Politicizing Violence: {{Migration}}, Sex-Gender Violence and Community Care},
author = {Stang, Maria Fernanda and Stefoni, Carolina},
year = {2022},
month = dec,
year = {2022-12/2022-05},
journal = {DERECHO PUCP},
number = {89},
pages = {261--288},
@ -73344,8 +73283,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Examining the Relationship between the Level of Development of Countries and the Participation of Women in the Labor Market},
author = {Sumer, Irem and Altan, Meral},
year = {2022},
month = jul,
year = {2022-07/2022-12},
journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
@ -74823,8 +74761,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Risk Factors Associated with Adherence to Medical Oncology Treatment in Pediatrics},
author = {Prieto, B. Cecilia and Ibarra, B. Gloria and Guzman, V. Pablo and Werth, C. Alejandra and Espinoza, O. Romina and Sepulveda, C. Roberto},
year = {2023},
month = mar,
year = {2023-03/2023-04},
journal = {ANDES PEDIATRICA},
volume = {94},
number = {2},
@ -75284,8 +75221,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Climate Crisis, Women and Children: Between Vulnerability and the Urgent Protection of Their Rights. {{Glimpses}} from the {{European}} Continent},
author = {Zambrano, Karla},
year = {2023},
month = jun,
year = {2023-06/2023-09},
journal = {RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID},
number = {53},
pages = {31--48},
@ -76448,8 +76384,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {Differential Impact of New Technology on Rural Income and Employment in Dryland Regions of India},
author = {SINGH, {\relax RP}},
year = {1994},
month = oct,
year = {1994-10/1994-12},
journal = {JOURNAL OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
@ -76471,8 +76406,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy intervention}
type = {Article},
title = {The Competitive Advantage of the Inner-City},
Adam2018,"Adam, C., Bevan, D., & Gollin, D.",2018,"Rural-urban linkages, public investment and transport costs: The case of tanzania",World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.013,article,development,Tanzania,2001,,explicit,rural workers,"national Tanzania Social Accounting Matrix (SAM, 2001); national administrative survey Integrated Labor Force Survey (2001), Tanzania Agricultural Sample Census (2003)",simulation,general equilibrium model,7.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,transport cost burden approach,can not account for population change (e.g. pop growth); causality based on model only,there can be spatial differences to how connected regions within a country are to markets purely due to transport costs,infrastructure,0,1,0,spatial; income,1.0,0.0,real consumption wage differences,"results depend on financing scheme, each financing scheme entails some households being worse off; rural households worse off when infrastructure is deficit-financed or paid through tariff revenue; rural households benefit most when financed through consumption taxes or by external aid",movement of rural workers out of quasi-subsistence agriculture to other locations and sectors,-1.0,2.0,3.0,0.0
Rosen2014,"Rosen, M. I., Ablondi, K., Black, A. C., Mueller, L., Serowik, K. L., Martino, S., Mobo, B. H., & Rosenheck, R. A.",2014,Work outcomes after benefits counseling among veterans applying for service connection for a psychiatric condition,Psychiatric Services,https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300478,article,health,United States,2008-2011,6.0,explicit,disabled,"baseline, 3 follow-up surveys; timeline follow-back calendar",experimental,RCT,84.0,individual,local,1.0,,can not locate active ingredient,,counseling (benefits counseling),0,0,1,disability; age,1.0,0.0,hours worked (rtw),counseling had significant increas on more waged days worked; on average 3 additional days worked in 28 days preceding measurement,"not clear, neither belief about work, benefits, nor mental health/substance abuse service use increased significantly",1.0,2.0,2.0,5.0
Xu2021,"Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.",2021,"Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa",African Development Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511,article,development,Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia,2000-2015,,implicit,workers,UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators,quasi-experimental,generalized method of moments,38.0,country,"national, census",0.0,,contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region,,trade liberalization (FDI),0,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,increased income equality through FDI (p < .1),primarily goes to agriculture which can employ low-skilled labour,-1.0,1.0,5.0,4.0
Xu2021,"Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.",2021,"Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa",African Development Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511,article,development,Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia,2000-2015,,implicit,workers,UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators,quasi-experimental,generalized method of moments,38.0,country,"national, census",0.0,,contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region,,trade liberalization,0,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"significantly decreased income equality through trade liberalization; equally for political stability, corruption, rule of law increase","higher import than export, creating jobs in other countries",1.0,2.0,5.0,4.0
Xu2021,"Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.",2021,"Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa",African Development Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511,article,development,Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia,2000-2015,,implicit,workers,UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators,quasi-experimental,generalized method of moments,38.0,country,"national, census",0.0,,contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region,,education,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,education significantly decreases income equality in the region,potentially inequal access to education through exclusion (e.g. spatial/gender/financial); differentiated quality of education,1.0,2.0,5.0,4.0
Wong2019,"Wong, S. A.",2019,Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.004,article,development,Ecuador,2011-2014,12.0,implicit,wage workers,national employment survey (ENEMDU),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach,1624422.0,individual,"national, census",1.0,,some small sort-dependency in panel data; can only account for effects in period of economic growth,,minimum wage,1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"decreased income inequality through significant increase on income of low-wage earners; larger effect for agricultural workers, smaller for women; potentially negative impact on income of high-earners",income-compression effect,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0
Wong2019,"Wong, S. A.",2019,Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.004,article,development,Ecuador,2011-2014,12.0,implicit,wage workers,national employment survey (ENEMDU),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach,1624422.0,individual,"national, census",1.0,,some small sort-dependency in panel data; can only account for effects in period of economic growth,,minimum wage,1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,0.0,hours worked,significant effect on hours worked; no significant spillover effect on workers in control group; significant negative impact on female hours worked,possibly decreased intensive margin for female workers; affecting lower income increase of women,1.0,0.0,5.0,3.0
Whitworth2021,"Whitworth, A.",2021,Spatial creaming and parking?: The case of the UK work programme,Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy,https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-020-09349-0,article,economics,United Kingdom,2011-2017,72.0,implicit,unemployed,Department for Work and Pensions Work Programme statistics,observational,three-stage linear model,1494.0,individual,national,0.0,social creaming & parking (used spatially),no causal inferrence attempted,,work programme,0,1,0,spatial,1.0,0.0,employment,already deprived areas experience further deprivation,providers de-prioritize job-weak areas (spatial parking),-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Suh2017,"Suh, M.-G.",2017,Determinants of female labor force participation in south korea: Tracing out the U-shaped curve by economic growth,Social Indicators Research,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1245-1,article,sociology,"Korea, Rep.",1980-2014,,implicit,married women,Statistical Database in Statistical Information Service Korea 2015,quasi-experimental,OLS regression; log-linear analysis; contingency analysis with cross-tab statistics; Gini coeff as income inequality indicator,35.0,case,"national, census",0.0,,,,education,0,1,0,income; generational; gender,1.0,1.0,employment,education significant increase in married women's employment; female labour force participation negative correlation with income inequality; female education also positively affects daughters' education level,"education being necessary not sufficient condition, also influenced by family size and structure",1.0,2.0,5.0,2.0
Stock2021,"Stock, R. (2021).",2021,Bright as night: Illuminating the antinomies of `gender positive’ solar development,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105196,article,development,India,2018,1.0,implicit,women,"baseline survey, interviews",observational,quantitative survey and in-depth interviews; discourse analysis,200.0,household,"subnational, rural",0.0,authoritative knowledge power framework (Laclau&Mouffe),no causal research,,infrastructure,0,1,0,gender; income; spatial,1.0,0.0,employment,insignificant increased employment probability; advantaged women predominantly belong to dominant castes,project capture by village female elites; women of disadvantaged castes further excluded from training and work opportunities,1.0,0.0,3.0,0.0
Standing2015,"Standing, G.",2015,Why Basic Income’s Emancipatory Value Exceeds Its Monetary Value,Basic Income Studies,https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0021,article,economics,India,2010-2013,18.0,implicit,low-income households,baseline & 3 follow-up surveys and censuses; structured interviews,experimental,"rural RCT, randomization at village level; 18/12 months of ubi provision with follow up surveys and interviews",1665.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,"Lauderdale paradox (money, if scarce becomes even more valuable resource)",,"ubi paid in addition to any other state transfers; included in sample for effects on work choice (forced to work for debtors, free to pursue own-work)",ubi,1,0,1,income; ethnicity,0.0,0.0,debt,ubi significantly decreases debts; results go beyond direct monetary value; households did not have to work for lenders/to pay off debt,directly enables debt reduction; reduces debt-dependency risks; avoids taking on new debt; enables choosing less exploitative forms of borrowing,-1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
Standing2015,"Standing, G.",2015,Why Basic Income’s Emancipatory Value Exceeds Its Monetary Value,Basic Income Studies,https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0021,article,economics,India,2010-2013,18.0,implicit,low-income households,baseline & 3 follow-up surveys and censuses; structured interviews,experimental,"rural RCT, randomization at village level; 18/12 months of ubi provision with follow up surveys and interviews",1665.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,"Lauderdale paradox (money, if scarce becomes even more valuable resource)",,"ubi paid in addition to any other state transfers; included in sample for effects on work choice (forced to work for debtors, free to pursue own-work)",ubi,1,0,1,income; ethnicity,0.0,0.0,saving,ubi significantly increases savings; allowed increasing economic security/empowerment of households,"shift to institutionalized saving strengthening shock resilience; schooling of the household head, landholding, caste and household size also affect savings",1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
SilveiraNeto2011,"Silveira Neto, R. D. M., & Azzoni, C. R.",2011,Non-spatial government policies and regional income inequality in brazil,Regional Studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400903241485,article,economics,Brazil,1995-2005,,implicit,poor,national administrative survey 'Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicılio' (PNAD),quasi-experimental,"OLS, beta convergence test",27.0,region,"national, census",1.0,,limited underlying data only allows estimation of Bolsa impact at endline; minimum wage had to be estimated from minimum-wage equal job incomes,,minimum wage; direct transfers (cash),1,0,1,spatial; income,1.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"incomes have converged between regions after introduction of cash transfer and minimum wage with both accounting for 26.2% of effect; minimum wage contributed 16.6% to overall Gini reduction, transfers 9.6%",quasi-regional effects through predominant transfers to poorer regions,-1.0,2.0,5.0,2.0
Shepherd-Banigan2021,"Shepherd-Banigan, M., Pogoda, T. K., McKenna, K., Sperber, N., & Van Houtven, C. H.",2021,Experiences of VA vocational and education training and assistance services: Facilitators and barriers reported by veterans with disabilities,In Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal,https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000437,article,psychology,United States,2018,,explicit,disabled,interviews,qualitative,semi-structured interviews,26.0,individual,local,0.0,,sample restricted to veterans with caregiver; data provide little evidence for supported employment efficacy,,training,0,0,1,age; disability,1.0,1.0,employment (rtw),vocational and educational services help strengthen individual agency and motivation; potential disability payment loss may impede skills development efforts,"primary barriers health problems, programmes not accomodating disabled veteran student needs; primary facilitator financial assistance for education and individual motivation",1.0,,2.0,0.0
Rendall2013,"Rendall, M.",2013,Structural change in developing countries: Has it decreased gender inequality?,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.005,article,development,Brazil; Mexico; India; Thailand,1987-2008,,implicit,women,WB Household Survey; IPUMS USA/International/CPS,quasi-experimental,OLS; Mincer wage regression; Wellington wage gap decomposition; comparative average factor deviations,200000.0,individual,"national, census",,capital displacing production brawn (Galor & Weil 1996),,,trade liberalization (structural changes),0,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,female employment shares,"all countries decreased brawn requirements (smallest change in India, 0.2ppts; largest in Thailand 15ppts); decreased labour market gender inequality in Brazil; largest steady LM inequality in India; mixed results for Mexico and Thailand",reduced requirement for physical labour (switching 'brawn' to 'brain'); switching to e.g. service-oriented labour,1.0,2.0,5.0,2.0
Rendall2013,"Rendall, M.",2013,Structural change in developing countries: Has it decreased gender inequality?,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.005,article,development,Brazil; Mexico; India; Thailand,1987-2008,,implicit,women,WB Household Survey; IPUMS USA/International/CPS,quasi-experimental,OLS; Mincer wage regression; Wellington wage gap decomposition; comparative average factor deviations,200000.0,individual,"national, census",,capital displacing production brawn (Galor & Weil 1996),,,trade liberalization (structural changes),0,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,female wage shares,"Brazil closed wage gap the fastest, though widened more recently; Thailand/India mixed results","reduced returns on brain intensive occupations in Brazil; different LM skill structure in Thailand/India, context dependency of structural changes",1.0,1.0,5.0,2.0
Poppen2017,"Poppen, M., Lindstrom, L., Unruh, D., Khurana, A., & Bullis, M.",2017,Preparing youth with disabilities for employment: An analysis of vocational rehabilitation case services data,Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation,https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-160857,article,health,United States,2003-2013,,explicit,disabled young adults,state administrative Oregon Rehabilitation Case Automation system (ORCA),quasi-experimental,multivariate logistic regression; OLS,4443.0,individual,subnational,0.0,,data gathered for service delivery not research may provide lower reliability; no measurement for service quality; no nationally representative sample lowers generalizability,,training (vocational rehabilitation),0,1,1,disability; gender; age,1.0,0.0,employment,"significantly decreased employment probability for women, having mental illness or traumatic brain injury as primary disability, multiple disabilities, interpersonal/self-care impediment, receiving social security benefits; youth-transition programme, more VR services significantly increased",,1.0,2.0,3.0,2.0
Pi2016,"Pi, J., & Zhang, P.",2016,Hukou system reforms and skilled-unskilled wage inequality in China,China Economic Review,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.08.009,article,economics,China,1988-2013,12.0,implicit,urban workers,national administrative Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010-13,simulation,general equilibrium model,,household,"subnational, urban",0.0,,generalizability restricted due to specific institutional contexts of Chinese hukou systems; no disaggregation to private/public sector; job search not part of model,,social security; education (access),1,1,0,income; migration; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,decile ratios (90th to 10th),increased access to social security for urban migrants decreases wage inequality between skilled-unskilled urban workers if skilled sector is more capital intensive than unskilled sector,,-1.0,,3.0,0.0
Militaru2019,"Militaru, E., Popescu, M. E., Cristescu, A., & Vasilescu, M. D.",2019,Assessing minimum wage policy implications upon income inequalities: The case of Romania,Sustainability,https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092542,article,economics,Romania,2013-2014,12.0,explicit,low-income workers,EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC),simulation,microsimulation (EUROMOD); counterfactual analysis,7500.0,household,national,0.0,,"dependent on simulation order; can not account for tax evasion, behavioural changes; over-representation of employees in sample; remaining unobservables on inequality outcomes","does not see minimum wage increase as most efficient income inequality reduction policy per se, but sees efficiency possibly enhanced by accompanying skills development programs",minimum wage,1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,small decrease in wage inequality; larger impact for women,"concentration of workers at minimum wage level matters, women make up larger part; increase in number of wage earners in total number of employees",-1.0,,4.0,0.0
Liyanaarachchi2016,"Liyanaarachchi, T. S., Naranpanawa, A., & Bandara, J. S.",2016,Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka. An integrated macro-micro modelling approach,Economic Modelling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.07.008,article,economy,Sri Lanka,2009-2010,12.0,implicit,workers,national administrative Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES),simulation,macro-micro computable general equilibrium model,19958.0,household,national,1.0,,static model not able to account for transition paths; no disaggregated sectoral input-output data available,,trade liberalization,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Atkinson index; S-Gini index; Atkinson-Gini index; Entropy index,"reduced absolute poverty for tariff elimination only, mixed results but reduction for tariff elim and fiscal policy changes together; income inequality increases in long-run in all sectors","increased wage differences (esp for manager, professionals, technicians and urban workers); low-income households more dependent on private/gov transfers which do not increase with trade liberalization",1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Li2022,"Li, Y., & Sunder, N.",2022,Land inequality and workfare policies,Journal of development studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.2008362,article,development,India,2005-2006,12.0,implicit,potential labour force,"Indian Agricultural Census (2000, 2005); national administrative panel data MGNREGA public data portal",quasi-experimental,"OLS, instrumental variable approach",414.0,district,"national, census",1.0,political capture theory,sample attrition in matching NREGA districts to GINI data; assumption of no institutional/cultural unobservables,,work programme,0,1,0,income; spatial,0.0,0.0,employment (LFP rate per land ownership through Gini),"work programme generally increases LFP; but internal heterogeneity, difference in job provision not due to public job demand changes, caste, religion; previous capital inequality (land ownership) strongly affects programme efficacy","landlords oppose implementation due to general wage increases following, lobby against workfare introduction; decreased bargaining power of labour in more inequal districts",1.0,2.0,5.0,4.0
Kuriyama2021,"Kuriyama, A., & Abe, N.",2021,Decarbonisation of the power sector to engender a 'Just transition’ in Japan: Quantifying local employment impacts,Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110610,article,development,Japan,2016,,,rural workers,Historical Data of Power Supply and Demand Record Data,simulation,multi-step projection modelling; use Gini coefficient,10.0,region,national,0.0,,has to assume amount of generated power as stable square function increase 2016-2050; employment numbers based on initial estimated model data only,"highest impact in construction and manufacturing sector, long-term large impact in power sector, stable impacts throughout in service sectors and others",infrastructure,0,1,0,spatial,1.0,0.0,employment,power sector decarbonisation positively impacts rural workers through increased employment probability,attachment of larger-scale renewable energy to rural sectors increases employment scarcity,1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Khan2021,"Khan, M. A., Walmsley, T., & Mukhopadhyay, K.",2021,Trade liberalization and income inequality: The case for Pakistan,Journal of Asian Economics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101310,article,economics,Pakistan,2010-2011,,implicit,workers,GTAP database; SAM Pakistan 2010-2011 (IFPRI),simulation,computable general equilibrium model; MyGTAP model,30.0,region,national,1.0,,generalizability might be reduced due to production factor reallocations specific to the rural poor context of Pakistan,,trade liberalization,1,1,0,income; spatial,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"mixed results for free-trade agreements (some Large TA negative correlation w Gini, some regional/bilateral also); impact of trade liberalization depends on micro-economic factors; greater mobility dissipates short-term effects; long-term some increase in income equality","increases in income of poor rural agricultural farm households dependent on grain (with largest export grain rising under most FTA, livestock falling); equity increases through increased wages of farm workers, when this did not happen generally equity decrease; wage compression effects",0.0,0.0,4.0,0.0
Hojman2019,"Hojman, A., & López Bóo, F.",2019,Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers,Inter-American Development Bank,https://doi.org/10.18235/0001849,working paper,development,Nicaragua,2013-2015,24.0,implicit,poor mothers,baseline survey and 12-month follow-up survey,experimental,RCT; instrumental variable; marginal treatment effects,1442.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,,effect on employment is insignificant with IV on randomization alone; relatively small overall sample,,subsidy (childcare),0,1,1,gender; generational; income,1.0,0.0,employment,free childcare significantly increases work participation of mothers (14ppts); increases human capital of children,subsidy removes associated childcare costs (fewer childcare hours),1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
Hardoy2015,"Hardoy, I., & Schøne, P.",2015,Enticing even higher female labor supply: The impact of cheaper day care,Review of Economics of the Household,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9215-8,article,economics,Norway,1995-2006,48.0,implicit,mothers,Norwegian Labor and Welfare Service (NAV); Register for Employers and Employees,quasi-experimental,triple-difference approach,200530.0,individual,national,1.0,,simultaneous capacity extension may bias results,,subsidy (childcare),1,1,0,gender; education; migration,1.0,0.0,employment; hours worked,"child care price reduction increased female labour supply (about 5pct); no impact on mothers already participating in labour market; stronger impact on low-education mothers, low-income households; no significant impact on immigrant mothers",day care expenditure larger part of low-income/-education households creating larger impact; may also be due to average lower employment rates for those households,1.0,2.0,4.0,3.0
Go2010,"Go, D. S., Kearney, M., Korman, V., Robinson, S., & Thierfelder, K.",2010,Wage subsidy and labour market flexibility in south africa,Journal of development studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428456,article,development,South Africa,2003,,implicit,low-/semi-skilled workers,GCE model based on 2003 LM data; Pauw & Edwards (2006),simulation,"micro-simulation; multi-sector, multi-labour computable general equilibrium model",43.0,sector,national,0.0,,potentially reduced generalizability due to simulation's assumptions,,subsidy (wage),0,1,0,income,0.0,0.0,Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty headcount ratio,"overall decrease in FGT ratio, about 1.6% of households moving out of poverty; similar changes in urban/rural spaces; greater gains in poorer households",income gains for poorer households,-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Go2010,"Go, D. S., Kearney, M., Korman, V., Robinson, S., & Thierfelder, K.",2010,Wage subsidy and labour market flexibility in south africa,Journal of development studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428456,article,development,South Africa,2003,,implicit,low-/semi-skilled workers,GCE model based on 2003 LM data; Pauw & Edwards (2006),simulation,"micro-simulation; multi-sector, multi-labour computable general equilibrium model",43.0,sector,national,0.0,,potentially reduced generalizability due to simulation's assumptions,,subsidy (wage),0,1,0,income,0.0,0.0,Gini coeff,"Overall reduction in income inequality (0.5 ppt), not significant effects",income redistribution; increased formal employment for low-/medium-skill workers,-1.0,0.0,4.0,0.0
Gilbert2001,"Gilbert, A., Phimister, E., & Theodossiou, I.",2001,The potential impact of the minimum wage in rural areas,Regional Studies,https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400120084759,article,economic,United Kingdom,1991-1998,84.0,implicit,rural workers,national administrative panel survey British Household Panel Survey (BHPS),observational,observational methods with counterfactual approach,5500.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,,has to assume no effects on employment,,minimum wage,1,0,0,spatial; income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,overall insignificant decrease of income inequality; policy will have spatial dimension with rural households more affected; larger positive impact for remote rural households,rural component depends on proximity to urban areas through having access to urban markets,-1.0,1.0,3.0,0.0
Gates2000,"Gates, L. B.",2000,Workplace Accommodation as a Social Process,Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation,https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009445929841,article,sociology,United States,2000,12.0,explicit,mentally ill workers,"survey, protocol",qualitative,action protocol development,12.0,individual,local,0.0,,,,counseling (workplace accommodation),0,1,1,disability,1.0,0.0,employment (rtw),successful accommodation requires social component; relationship largest barrier; agency of returnee must be strengthened,unsuccessful accommodations rely on the functional aspect; supervisors play primary role in success of accommodation process,1.0,,2.0,0.0
Field2019,"Field, E., Pande, R., Rigol, N., Schaner, S., & Moore, C. T.",2019,On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms,National Bureau of Economic Research,https://doi.org/10.3386/w26294,working paper,development,India,2013-2017,36.0,explicit,women workers,"baseline, 2 follow-up surveys; MGNREGS Program Management information system (MIS)",experimental,"RCT; individual account (partial treatment), account + training (full treatment)",5851.0,household,"subnational, rural",1.0,financial empowerment as normative tool,possibility of upward bias due to attenuation over time,long-run effects for constrained women working driven by private sector,training (financial),0,0,1,gender; spatial,1.0,0.0,employment; hours worked,short-term deposits into women's own accounts and training increased labour supply; long-term increased acceptance of female work and female hours worked,increased bargaining power through greater control of income,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
Emigh2018,"Emigh, R. J., Feliciano, C., O’Malley, C., & Cook-Martin, D.",2018,The effect of state transfers on poverty in post-socialist eastern europe,Social Indicators Research,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1660-y,article,economics,Hungary; Bulgaria; Romania,1999-2002,24.0,implicit,poor people,panel data,quasi-experimental,two-wave panel analysis; OLS; random effects negative binomial model,7949.0,individual,national,0.0,institutionalist perspective; underclass perspective; neoclassical perspective,does not have long-term panel data to fully analyse underclass/neoclassical perspectives,"increased probability for poverty of low-education, large, Roma households",direct transfers (cash),0,1,1,income; ethnicity; gender,0.0,0.0,poverty,"level of payments may have been too small to eliminate long-term adverse effects of market transition; in each country case state transfers to individuals reduced their poverty and were at least short-term beneficial; poverty most feminized in Hungary, least feminized in Bulgaria",poverty may have feminized as market transitions progressed; larger positive transfer effects for low-education households,-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Dustmann2012,"Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.",2012,Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190,article,economics,Germany,1979-1992,40.0,explicit,working mothers,national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference analysis,13000.0,individual,"national, census",0.0,,sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification,no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income,paid leave (6 months childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,0.0,income,sign. positive effects among all wage segments for mothers cumulative income 40 months after childbirth,provision of job protection and short-term monetary benefits,1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0
Dustmann2012,"Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.",2012,Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190,article,economics,Germany,1979-1992,40.0,explicit,working mothers,national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference analysis,13000.0,individual,"national, census",0.0,,sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification,no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income,paid leave (36 months childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,0.0,income,marginally sign. negative effect for low-wage mothers after 10month paid leave; significant negative effects among for all mothers cumulative income for 36 month paid leave,"long-term extension is unpaid leave, only providing job protection",-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0
Dustmann2012,"Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.",2012,Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190,article,economics,Germany,1979-1992,40.0,explicit,working mothers,national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference analysis,13000.0,individual,"national, census",0.0,,sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification,no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income,paid leave (childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment (rtw share),"sign. increase in months away from work among all wage segments, positively correlated with length of paid leave; majority rtw after leave end, with slight decrease for 18-36month leave period",,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0
Delesalle2021,"Delesalle, E.",2021,The effect of the Universal Primary Education program on consumption and on the employment sector: Evidence from Tanzania,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105345,article,development,Tanzania,2002-2012,36.0,implicit,rural workers,Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Population and Housing Census 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach; IV approach,433606.0,individual,national,0.0,human capital theory,"can not directly identify intervention compliers, constructing returns for household heads; 'villagization' effect may have impacted unobserved variables affecting returns",programme increased primary education access and introduced more technical curriculum,education (universal),0,1,0,spatial; education,1.0,1.0,education,"improved overall rural education; education inequalities persist along gender, geographical, income lines","villagization effect, increased education access",1.0,,4.0,4.0
Delesalle2021,"Delesalle, E.",2021,The effect of the Universal Primary Education program on consumption and on the employment sector: Evidence from Tanzania,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105345,article,development,Tanzania,2002-2012,36.0,implicit,rural workers,Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Population and Housing Census 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference approach; IV approach,433606.0,individual,national,0.0,human capital theory,"can not directly identify intervention compliers, constructing returns for household heads; 'villagization' effect may have impacted unobserved variables affecting returns",programme increased primary education access and introduced more technical curriculum,education (universal),0,1,1,spatial; education; gender,1.0,0.0,consumption,sg increase for formal wage and agricultural work for women; sg increase in non-agricultural wage work for men; returns to education lower in agriculture than other self-employment/wage work,"sector choice changes, increased individual productivity",1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0
Debowicz2014,"Debowicz, D., & Golan, J",2014,The impact of Oportunidades on human capital and income distribution in Mexico: A top-down/bottom-up approach,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.014,article,economics,Mexico,2008,,explicit,poor,national administrative survey Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2008,simulation,"general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model",30000.0,household,national,0.0,human capital theory,analytical household-level limitations; no indirect cost-effects able to be accounted for; static model,study attempts to explictly account for spillover effects and capture conditionality for school attendance,direct transfers (cash),0,1,0,income; generational,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,raises average income of poorest households by 23%; increasing skills decreases inequality,"cash influx; positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work; direct benefit for human capital increase (school attendance), indirect benefit for increased scarcity of unskilled labor",-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Davies2022,"Davies, J. M., Brighton, L. J., Reedy, F., & Bajwah, S.",2022,"Maternity provision, contract status, and likelihood of returning to work: Evidence from research intensive universities in the UK",Gender Work And Organization,https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12843,article,organization,United Kingdom,2013-2018,,implicit,high-skill female workers,FOI data of Russell Group universities,observational,cross-sectional; pooled odds ratios,17.0,employer,local,0.0,scarce high-level academic female representation through 'leaky pipeline',fragmented data restricting observable variables; doest not account for atypical/short-term contracts,study on public university employers only,paid leave (childcare),1,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment (rtw ratios),significantly decreased employment probability for rtw on fixed-term contracts compared to open-ended contracts; most universities provided limited access to maternity payment for fixed-contract staff,fewer included provisions in fixed-term contracts; strict policies on payments if contract ends before end of maternity leave/minimum length of rtw; long-term continuous service requirements for extended payments,-1.0,2.0,2.0,0.0
Clark2019,"Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.",2019,The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa,Demography,https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3,article,sociology,Kenya,2015-2016,12.0,explicit,mothers,national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System,experimental,RCT,738.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,economic empowerment theory,results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate,,subsidy (childcare),0,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment probability difference,subsidy increased employment probability (8.5ppts) for poor married mothers,increased ability to work through lower childcare burden,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
Clark2019,"Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.",2019,The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa,Demography,https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3,article,sociology,Kenya,2015-2016,12.0,explicit,mothers,national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System,experimental,RCT,738.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,economic empowerment theory,results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate,,subsidy (childcare),0,1,0,gender,1.0,0.0,hours worked,subsidy decreased hours worked without decreasing income for single mothers,allows shifting to jobs with more regular hours,-1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
Cieplinski2021,"Cieplinski, A., D’Alessandro, S., Distefano, T., & Guarnieri, P.",2021,Coupling environmental transition and social prosperity: A scenario-analysis of the Italian case,Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.03.007,article,economics,Italy,2010-2014,,implicit,workers,"ISTAT national accounts 2010,2014; EU-KLEMS LM data",simulation,dynamic macrosimulation model,,individual,national,1.0,,models assumption of workers accepting lower income and consumption levels for work time reduction,,regulation (working time reduction),1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini; employment rates,working time reduction policy significantly increases employment; significantly decreases income inequality,significantly decreases aggregate demand,-1.0,1.0,4.0,0.0
Cieplinski2021,"Cieplinski, A., D’Alessandro, S., Distefano, T., & Guarnieri, P.",2021,Coupling environmental transition and social prosperity: A scenario-analysis of the Italian case,Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.03.007,article,economics,Italy,2010-2014,,implicit,workers,"ISTAT national accounts 2010,2014; EU-KLEMS LM data",simulation,dynamic macrosimulation model,,individual,national,1.0,,models assumption of workers accepting lower income and consumption levels for work time reduction,,ubi,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini,decreases income inequality; negative impact on environmental outcomes,sustains aggregate demand,-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Chao2022,"Chao, C.-C., Ee, M. S., Nguyen, X., & Yu, E. S. H.",2022,"Minimum wage, firm dynamics, and wage inequality: Theory and evidence",International Journal Of Economic Theory,https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12307,article,economics,global,2005-2015,,,formal workers,"WB Doing Business Survey, WDI, ILOSTAT",simulation,dual economy general-equilibrium model,43.0,country,national,1.0,Harris & Todaro rural-urban migration model,"decreasing inequality through increased rural agricultural capital, while reasonable, has to be a prior assumption; short-term firm exit has to be omitted",,minimum wage,1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,"short-term reduction of skilled-unskilled wage gap but increased unemployment, decreased welfare; long-term increased wage equality and improved social welfare",firm exit from urban manufacturing increases capital to rural agricultural sector,-1.0,2.0,4.0,0.0
Carstens2018,"Carstens, C., & Massatti, R.",2018,Predictors of labor force status in a random sample of consumers with serious mental illness,Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-018-9597-8,article,health services,United States,2014-2015,1.0,explicit,mentally ill,survey data,observational,multinomial logistic regression model,917.0,individual,national,0.0,human capital theory; strength-based therapy,"small sample due to low response rate; over-representation of women, older persons, racial minorities","employment motivators captured as increased responsibility and problem-solving, stress management, reduced depression and anxiety; employment barriers",subsidy (health care),1,1,0,disability,1.0,1.0,employment probability,LFP significantly increased for employment incentives; significantly reduced for employment barriers and Medicaid ABD programme participation; marginally reduced for,Medicaid ABD generates benefits trap of disability determination,-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Broadway2020,"Broadway, B., Kalb, G., McVicar, D., & Martin, B.",2020,The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Labor Supply and Employment Outcomes in Australia,Feminist Economics,https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718175,article,economics,Australia,2009-2012,14.0,explicit,working mothers,"national administrative surveys Baseline Mothers Survey (BaMS), Family and Work Cohort Study (FaWCS)",quasi-experimental,propensity score matching,5000.0,individuals,"national, census",1.0,,can not account for child-care costs; can not fully exclude selection bias into motherhood; potential (down-ward) bias through pre-birth labor supply effects/financial crisis,child-care costs may have additional dampening effect on rtw,paid leave (childcare),1,1,0,gender; income,1.0,0.0,employment (rtw),short-term (<6months) decrease of rtw; long-term (>6-9months) significant positive impact on returning to work in same job under same conditions; greatest response from disadvantaged mothers,supplants previous employer-funded leave which often did not exist for disadvantaged mothers; reduction in opportunity cost of delaying rtw,1.0,2.0,5.0,3.5
Blumenberg2014,"Blumenberg, E., & Pierce, G.",2014,A Driving Factor in Mobility? Transportation’s Role in Connecting Subsidized Housing and Employment Outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program,Journal of the American Planning Association,https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.935267,article,development,United States,1994-2001,84.0,implicit,poor women,baseline and follow-up survey;,experimental,RCT; multinomial regression model,3199.0,household,"subnational, metropolitan",1.0,,"low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated",98% of sample is female,subsidy (housing mobility),0,1,0,spatial; gender; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,employment rate,"no relationship between subsidy and employment outcomes; increased employment probability for people living in high transit areas, but no increased job gain for moving to high transit area itself",high transit area employment paradox may be due to inherent difficulty of connecting household to opportunity in dispersed labor market just via access to transit,0.0,0.0,3.0,5.0
Blumenberg2014,"Blumenberg, E., & Pierce, G.",2014,A Driving Factor in Mobility? Transportation’s Role in Connecting Subsidized Housing and Employment Outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program,Journal of the American Planning Association,https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.935267,article,development,United States,1994-2001,84.0,implicit,poor women,baseline and follow-up survey;,experimental,RCT; multinomial regression model,3199.0,household,"subnational, metropolitan",1.0,,"low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated",98% of sample is female,infrastructure (transport),0,1,0,spatial; gender; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,employment rate,increased employment probability for car ownership,better transport mobility to access wider job opportunity network,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0
Bartha2020,"Bartha, A., & Zentai, V.",2020,Long-term care and gender equality: Fuzzy-set ideal types of care regimes in europe,"Social inclusion (vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 92–102)",https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.2956,article,sociology,global,2016-2019,1.0,implicit,women,European Commission; Eurofound; Mutual Information System on Social Protection; European Institute for Gender Equality,observational,fuzzy-set ideal type ranking,28.0,country,regional,0.0,familialization in LTC,scarce comparable data; ideal-types follow prior assumptions potentially restricting view,"relying on migrant work is often poorly regulated, low paid and in turn may have negative consequences on gender equality in migrant communities/home countries","social security (pensions, care facilities); regulation (LTC-reforms, fiscal policies)",1,1,0,gender; age,1.0,1.0,full-time equivalent employment rate gap between men and women,"few countries fit an ideal-type household of male bread-winner (traditional), unsupported/supported double-earner; supported double-earner type mostly prevalent in Western Europe/Scandinavian countries, Southern/Eastern Europe predominantly unsupported double-earner; women will take on more unpaid care work in that model",in-home care facilitated by rising migrant cash-for-care work sectors may increase FLFP,-1.0,0.0,4.0,0.0
Bailey2012,"Bailey, M. J., Hershbein, B., & Miller, A. R.",2012,The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages,Economic journal: applied economics,https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.225,article,economics,United States,1968-1989,,implicit,young women,longitudinal administrative National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLS-YW),quasi-experimental,linear regression models; OLS; Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with recentered influence function (RIF) procedure,5159.0,individual,national,0.0,,dataset does not capture access to contraception beyond age 20 and social multiplier effects (e.g. changed hiring/promotion patterns),,technological change (contraception),0,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,hourly wage distribution (gendered),"early legal access to contraceptives ('the pill') influenced decrease in gender gap by 10% in 1980s, 30% in 1990s; estimates 1/3rd of total female wage gains induced by access 1980s-1990s","increased labor market experience (due to not exiting early); greater educational attainment, occupational upgrading; spurred personal investment in human capital and careers",-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Adams2015,"Adams, S., & Atsu, F.",2015,Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003,article,economics,global,1970-2012,,implicit,developing countries,panel data,quasi-experimental,"system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient",72.0,country,regional,0.0,,macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only,"LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls",trade liberalization (FDI),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related,wrong targeting incentive structure for FDI,1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0
Adams2015,"Adams, S., & Atsu, F.",2015,Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003,article,economics,global,1970-2012,,implicit,developing countries,panel data,quasi-experimental,"system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient",72.0,country,regional,0.0,,macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only,"LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls",regulation (labour),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,labour regulations and business regulations negatively related to equitable income distribution while credit market regulation has no effect in income distribution; FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related,regulatory policies often lack institutional capability to optimize for benefits; policies require specific targeting of inequality reduction,1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0
Adams2015,"Adams, S., & Atsu, F.",2015,Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries,Journal of Policy Modeling,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003,article,economics,global,1970-2012,,implicit,developing countries,panel data,quasi-experimental,"system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient",72.0,country,regional,0.0,,macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only,"LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls",education (school enrolment),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,school enrolment positively related to equitable income distribution,capacity-building for public administration practitioners; more context-adapted policies generated,-1.0,2.0,4.0,4.0
Alinaghi2020,"Alinaghi, N., Creedy, J., & Gemmell, N.",2020,The redistributive effects of a minimum wage increase in New Zealand: A microsimulation analysis,Australian Economic Review,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12381,article,economics,New Zealand,2012-2013,,implicit,,New Zealand Household Economic Survey (HES),simulation,microsimulation model; uses Atkinson index,3500.0,individual,national,0.0,,"large sample weights may bias specific groups, e.g. sole parents",,minimum wage,1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,Atkinson index,"small impact on inequality of income signals bad programme targeting; significant reduction in poverty measures for sole parents already in employment only, but insignificant for sole parents overall",many low-wage earners are secondary earners in higher income households; low-wage households often have no wage earners at all,-1.0,0.0,4.0,0.0
Sotomayor2021,"Sotomayor, Orlando J.",2021,Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182,article,economics,Brazil,1995-2015,12.0,implicit,workers,national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference estimator,40000.0,household,"national, census",1.0,,"survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving",,minimum wage,1,0,0,income,0.0,0.0,poverty,within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%,,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0
Sotomayor2021,"Sotomayor, Orlando J.",2021,Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil,World Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182,article,economics,Brazil,1995-2015,12.0,implicit,workers,national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME),quasi-experimental,difference-in-difference estimator,40000.0,household,"national, census",1.0,,"survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving",,minimum wage,1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Gini coeff,inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings,unemployment costs (job losses) overwhelmed by benefits (higher wages); but inelastic relationship of increase and changes in poverty,-1.0,2.0,5.0,3.0
Al-Mamun2014,"Al-Mamun, A., Wahab, S. A., Mazumder, M. N. H., & Su, Z.",2014,Empirical Investigation on the Impact of Microcredit on Women Empowerment in Urban Peninsular Malaysia,Journal of Developing Areas,https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2014.0030,article,development,Malaysia,2011,2.0,implicit,women,structured face-to-face interviews,quasi-experimental,"cross-sectional stratified random sampling; OLS, multiple regression analysis",242.0,individual,"subnational, urban",1.0,"household economic portfolio model (Chen & Dunn, 1996)",can not establish full experimental design,,microcredit; training,0,0,1,gender; income,1.0,0.0,empowerment index (personal savings; personal income; asset ownership),increase in household decision-making for women; increase in economic security for women; constrained by inability for individuals to obtain loans,individual access to finance; collective agency increase through meetings and training,1.0,2.0,3.0,2.0
Ahumada2023,"Ahumada, P. P.",2023,"Trade union strength, business power, and labor policy reform: The cases of Argentina and Chile in comparative perspective",International Journal of Comparative Sociology,https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231163846,article,sociology,global,2009-2017,,,,time-series cross-sectional database for collective labour rights and class power disparity,quasi-experimental,OLS; Arellano estimator,78.0,country,regional,0.0,power resource theory,limited 2-observation dataset per country; potential remaining measurement bias due to concurrent shocks,,collective action (unionization),1,0,0,income,0.0,1.0,Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining (FACB) and violation index coding,more unequal political power distribution hinders processes of collective organisation,,,,4.0,2.0
Cardinaleschi2019,"Cardinaleschi, S., De Santis, S., & Schenkel, M.",2019,Effects of decentralised bargaining on gender inequality: Italy,Panoeconomicus,https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1903325C,article,economics,Italy,2014,,,,Linked Employer Employees Data from Structure of Earnings Survey,quasi-experimental,OLS; Oaxaca-Blinder & Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decompositions,,firm,national; census,0.0,gender endowment discrimination; glass ceiling wage-setting institutions,Only a short-term decomposition of mostly cross-sectional dataset,,collective action (collective bargaining),1,1,0,gender; income,1.0,1.0,income shares,collective negotiation practices address gender gap marginally significantly; need to be supplemented by policies considering human-capital aspects,occupational segregation into feminized industries,1.0,1.0,5.0,2.0
Coutinho2006,"Coutinho, M. J., Oswald, D. P., & Best, A. M.",2006,Differences in Outcomes for Female and Male Students in Special Education,Career Development for Exceptional Individuals,https://doi.org/10.1177/08857288060290010401,article,education,United States,1972-1994,72.0,implicit,young women with disabilities,National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS-88),quasi-experimental,OLS; linear and two-step multinomial logistic regression,13391.0,individual,national,0.0,,sample does not include students with more severe impairments due to requirement of self-reporting; selection based on parent-reporting may introduce bias,more men than women in skilled/technical positions across all groups,education (special needs),0,1,0,disability; gender; income; age,1.0,0.0,"female employment ratio, female income ratio","females with disabilities less likely to be employed, and earned less than males with disability; females less likely to obtain high school diploma; more likely to be biological parent","men employed more months, more hours per week than women; largest income difference in special education and low achievers",-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Dieckhoff2015,"Dieckhoff, M., Gash, V., & Steiber, N.",2015,Measuring the effect of institutional change on gender inequality in the labour market,Research in Social Stratification and Mobility,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2014.12.001,article,sociology,Austria; Belgium; Czechia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Slovakia; Spain; Sweden; and the UK,1992-2007,192.0,,,"repeat cross-sectional data, national survey dataset European Labour Force Survey",quasi-experimental,"two-step multilevel modelling; OLS; multinomial logistic regression, fixed effects approach",18.0,country,national,1.0,,averaged across national contexts may obscure specific insights,PRELIMINARY EXTRACTION; EXTRACTION OF DEREGULATION OF TEMPORARY CONTRACTS; FAMILY POLICIES,collective action (unionization),0,1,0,gender,,,employment,men and women increased standard employment contracts with increased unionization; female employment does not decrease,increased standard employment contract probability,1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Ferguson2015,"Ferguson, J.-P.",2015,The control of managerial discretion: Evidence from unionization’s impact on employment segregation,American Journal of Sociology,https://doi.org/10.1086/683357,article,sociology,United States,1984-2010,,implicit,women workers,"AFL-CIO, NLRB datasets, amended with Current Population Survey",quasi-experimental,regression-discontinuity RD test,50000.0,individual,national,1.0,,most of effects may be caused by unsobservables,,collective action (unionization),0,1,1,gender; ethnicity,1.0,0.0,employment,"stronger unionization associated with more women and minorities in management, but only marginally significant",possible self-selection into unionization,1.0,1.0,4.0,4.5
Mukhopadhaya2003,"Mukhopadhaya, P.",2003,Trends in income disparity and equality enhancing (?) education policies in the development stages of Singapore,International Journal of Educational Development,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(01)00051-7,article,education,Singapore,1980-1995,,,,"Census Reports, Yearbook of Statistics Snagopre",observational,regressions with multivariate decomposition,,,"national, census",0.0,,higher education institutional context may make generalizability outside Singapore harder,only contains labour market ancillary outcomes but strong arguments for generational inequalities; PRELIMINARY EXTRACTION,education,0,1,0,migration; generational; income; ethnicity,1.0,1.0,Gini coeff; Theil index; relative mean income,non-uniform representation of academic abilities across parental education backgrounds; education interventions may exacerbate income inequality through bad targeting,primary income inequality for migrants through between-occupational inequality; advantaged income brackets also advantaged in educative achievement brackets; system of financing higher education in Singapore further disadvantages poorer households,1.0,2.0,5.0,0.0
Shin2006,"Shin, J., & Moon, S.",2006,"Fertility, relative wages, and labor market decisions: A case of female teachers",Economics of Education Review,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.06.004,article,economics,United States,1968-1988,,implicit,female teachers,National Longitudinal Survey of the Young Women,quasi-experimental,fixed effects panel regressions; panel probit estimation,2712.0,individual,national,0.0,,"looks at strictly female sample, can not account for changes relative to men",,education; regulation (relative wage-setting),1,1,0,gender,1.0,1.0,employment (FLFP rate),"higher relative wages significantly increase FLFP for female teachers; presence of new-born baby significantly decreases FLFP, significantly more than non-teachers; does not have effect on teacher/non-teacher selection",most relevant determinant for FLFP as teacher is college major in education; education level significant determinant; higher baby-exit effect may be due to relatively temporary lower wage loss for teachers,1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Alexiou2023,"Alexiou, C., & Trachanas, E.",2023,The impact of trade unions and government party orientation on income inequality: Evidence from 17 OECD economies,Journal of Economic Studies,https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-12-2021-0612,article,economics,Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom; United States,2000-2016,,,,Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) OECD panel data,quasi-experimental,"panel fixed effects approach, Driscoll and Kraay non-parametric covariance matrix estimator",18.0,country,regional,1.0,power resources theory,"can not account for individual drivers such as collective bargaining, arbitration, etc",,collective action (trade unionization),1,1,0,income; gender,0.0,1.0,"Gini coeff (equivalized household disposable income, market income, manufacturing pay)",unionization strongly related with decreasing income inequality; right-wing institutional contexts related with increased income inequality,redistribution of political power under unions; weak unionization increases post-redistribution inequality,-1.0,2.0,4.0,2.0
Mun2018,"Mun, E., & Jung, J.",2018,"Policy generosity, employer heterogeneity, and women’s employment opportunities: The welfare state paradox reexamined",American Sociological Review,https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418772857,article,sociology,Japan,1992-2009,84.0,explicit,working mothers,Japan Company Handbook for Job Searchers,quasi-experimental,potential outcomes framework; fixed-effects analysis,600.0,enterprise,national,0.0,welfare state paradox (over-representation of women in low-authority jobs in progressive welfare states),limited generalizability with unique Japanese LM institutional features; limited ability to explain voluntary effects as lasting or as symbolic compliance and impression management,,paid leave (childcare),1,0,0,gender,1.0,0.0,job quality,"no change for promotions for firms not previously providing leave, positive promotion impact for firms already providing leave; incentive-based policies may lead to larger effects",voluntary compliance to maintain positive reputations,1.0,1.0,4.0,2.0
Mun2018,"Mun, E., & Jung, J.",2018,"Policy generosity, employer heterogeneity, and women’s employment opportunities: The welfare state paradox reexamined",American Sociological Review,https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418772857,article,sociology,Japan,1992-2009,84.0,explicit,working mothers,Japan Company Handbook for Job Searchers,quasi-experimental,potential outcomes framework; fixed-effects analysis,600.0,enterprise,national,0.0,welfare state paradox (over-representation of women in low-authority jobs in progressive welfare states),limited generalizability with unique Japanese LM institutional features; limited ability to explain voluntary effects as lasting or as symbolic compliance and impression management,,paid leave (childcare),1,0,0,gender,1.0,0.0,employment,no increase in hiring discrimination against women reflected as decreased employment probability,decreases may be due to supply-side mechanisms based on individual career planning and reinforced existing gender division of household labour,0.0,0.0,4.0,2.0
Thoresen2021,"Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.",2021,Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities,International journal of disability development and education,https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648,article,education,Australia,2011-204,36.0,explicit,disabled,experimental survey,quasi-experimental,"quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30); annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; generalised estimating equation GEE",489.0,individual,local,0.0,,"non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size",Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal,training,0,1,1,disability; income,1.0,0.0,hours worked,"slightly lower for disabled group initially, increase to no significant difference with non-disabled group at last survey",significant but small overall increase (3.1 hours to 1 hour difference); fluctuations for non-disability group,1.0,2.0,2.0,4.0
Thoresen2021,"Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.",2021,Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities,International journal of disability development and education,https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648,article,education,Australia,2011-204,36.0,explicit,disabled,experimental survey,quasi-experimental,"quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30); annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; generalised estimating equation GEE",489.0,individual,local,0.0,,"non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size",Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal,training,0,1,1,disability; income,1.0,0.0,hourly/weekly income,wages of disability group substantially lower than non-disability; increases to be non-significant over time; lower for female and disability-pension recipient groups,strong initial diff means disability group potentially more often initially employed at junior rates or skewed through attrition bias,1.0,2.0,2.0,4.0
Wang2016,"Wang, J., & Van Vliet, O.",2016,"Social Assistance and Minimum Income Benefits: Benefit Levels, Replacement Rates and Policies Across 26 Oecd Countries, 1990-2009",European Journal of Social Security,https://doi.org/10.1177/138826271601800401,article,economics,global,1990-2009,,implicit,low-income,"World Bank CPI indicators & Penn World Table; Social Assistance and Minimum Income Protection Dataset (Nelson, 2013)",observational,cross-country comparative analysis,26.0,country,regional,0.0,,some effects may stem from exchange rate/PPP changes instead,due to data availability indicator for real minimum benefits and replacement rates could be constructed for 26 OECD countries,direct transfers (social assistance),1,1,0,income,0.0,1.0,real wage; replacement rate,"real benefit levels increased in most countries, benefit levels increasing more than consumer prices; income replacement rates mixed outcomes with decreases in some countries where real benefit levels increased",bulk of increases comes from deliberate policy changes; but benefit levels not linked to wages and policy changes not taking into account changes in wages,1.0,,4.0,0.0
Wang2020,"Wang, C., Deng, M., & Deng, J.",2020,Factor reallocation and structural transformation implications of grain subsidies in China,Journal of Asian Economics,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101248,article,economics,China,2007-2016,108.0,implicit,rural workers,TERMCN-Land database; Chinese Input-Output Table 2007,simulation,historical and TERMCN-Land structural simulation model,,sector,,0.0,,aggregate national employment exogenous to model; strong correlation to Chinese economic characteristics makes generalisability difficult,,subsidy (firm-level),0,1,0,income; spatial,1.0,1.0,income ratio,the rural-urban income inequality is exacerbated if grain subsidies are removed; over the long term this increase attenuates but income ratio remains decreased for rural labour,"displacement of rural unskilled labour; unskilled labour supply increase, labour difficult to absorb into manufacturing/service sectors; low income/price elasticity for agr. products lower rural income",1.0,2.0,0.0,0.0
1
citation
author
year
title
publisher
uri
pubtype
discipline
country
period
maxlength
targeting
group
data
design
method
sample
unit
representativeness
causal
theory
limitations
notes
intervention
institutional
structural
agency
inequality
type
indicator
measures
findings
channels
direction
significance
external_validity
internal_validity
2
Adam2018
Adam, C., Bevan, D., & Gollin, D.
2018
Rural-urban linkages, public investment and transport costs: The case of tanzania
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.013
article
development
Tanzania
2001
explicit
rural workers
national Tanzania Social Accounting Matrix (SAM, 2001); national administrative survey Integrated Labor Force Survey (2001), Tanzania Agricultural Sample Census (2003)
simulation
general equilibrium model
7.0
household
subnational, rural
1.0
transport cost burden approach
can not account for population change (e.g. pop growth); causality based on model only
there can be spatial differences to how connected regions within a country are to markets purely due to transport costs
infrastructure
0
1
0
spatial; income
1.0
0.0
real consumption wage differences
results depend on financing scheme, each financing scheme entails some households being worse off; rural households worse off when infrastructure is deficit-financed or paid through tariff revenue; rural households benefit most when financed through consumption taxes or by external aid
movement of rural workers out of quasi-subsistence agriculture to other locations and sectors
-1.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
3
Rosen2014
Rosen, M. I., Ablondi, K., Black, A. C., Mueller, L., Serowik, K. L., Martino, S., Mobo, B. H., & Rosenheck, R. A.
2014
Work outcomes after benefits counseling among veterans applying for service connection for a psychiatric condition
counseling had significant increas on more waged days worked; on average 3 additional days worked in 28 days preceding measurement
not clear, neither belief about work, benefits, nor mental health/substance abuse service use increased significantly
1.0
2.0
2.0
5.0
4
Xu2021
Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.
2021
Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
African Development Review
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511
article
development
Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia
2000-2015
implicit
workers
UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators
quasi-experimental
generalized method of moments
38.0
country
national, census
0.0
contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region
trade liberalization (FDI)
0
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
increased income equality through FDI (p < .1)
primarily goes to agriculture which can employ low-skilled labour
-1.0
1.0
5.0
4.0
5
Xu2021
Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.
2021
Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
African Development Review
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511
article
development
Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia
2000-2015
implicit
workers
UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators
quasi-experimental
generalized method of moments
38.0
country
national, census
0.0
contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region
trade liberalization
0
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
significantly decreased income equality through trade liberalization; equally for political stability, corruption, rule of law increase
higher import than export, creating jobs in other countries
1.0
2.0
5.0
4.0
6
Xu2021
Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V.
2021
Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
African Development Review
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12511
article
development
Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo‐Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Congo; D.R. of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Côte d'Ivoire; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia
2000-2015
implicit
workers
UNDP income equality; UN Conference on Trade and Veleopment FDI; World Bank WDI; World Bank World Governance Indicators
quasi-experimental
generalized method of moments
38.0
country
national, census
0.0
contains a variety of institutional-structural context within region
education
1
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
education significantly decreases income equality in the region
potentially inequal access to education through exclusion (e.g. spatial/gender/financial); differentiated quality of education
1.0
2.0
5.0
4.0
7
Wong2019
Wong, S. A.
2019
Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.004
article
development
Ecuador
2011-2014
12.0
implicit
wage workers
national employment survey (ENEMDU)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference approach
1624422.0
individual
national, census
1.0
some small sort-dependency in panel data; can only account for effects in period of economic growth
minimum wage
1
1
0
income; gender
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
decreased income inequality through significant increase on income of low-wage earners; larger effect for agricultural workers, smaller for women; potentially negative impact on income of high-earners
income-compression effect
-1.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
8
Wong2019
Wong, S. A.
2019
Minimum wage impacts on wages and hours worked of low-income workers in Ecuador
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.12.004
article
development
Ecuador
2011-2014
12.0
implicit
wage workers
national employment survey (ENEMDU)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference approach
1624422.0
individual
national, census
1.0
some small sort-dependency in panel data; can only account for effects in period of economic growth
minimum wage
1
1
0
income; gender
0.0
0.0
hours worked
significant effect on hours worked; no significant spillover effect on workers in control group; significant negative impact on female hours worked
possibly decreased intensive margin for female workers; affecting lower income increase of women
1.0
0.0
5.0
3.0
9
Whitworth2021
Whitworth, A.
2021
Spatial creaming and parking?: The case of the UK work programme
Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-020-09349-0
article
economics
United Kingdom
2011-2017
72.0
implicit
unemployed
Department for Work and Pensions Work Programme statistics
observational
three-stage linear model
1494.0
individual
national
0.0
social creaming & parking (used spatially)
no causal inferrence attempted
work programme
0
1
0
spatial
1.0
0.0
employment
already deprived areas experience further deprivation
providers de-prioritize job-weak areas (spatial parking)
-1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
10
Suh2017
Suh, M.-G.
2017
Determinants of female labor force participation in south korea: Tracing out the U-shaped curve by economic growth
Social Indicators Research
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1245-1
article
sociology
Korea, Rep.
1980-2014
implicit
married women
Statistical Database in Statistical Information Service Korea 2015
quasi-experimental
OLS regression; log-linear analysis; contingency analysis with cross-tab statistics; Gini coeff as income inequality indicator
35.0
case
national, census
0.0
education
0
1
0
income; generational; gender
1.0
1.0
employment
education significant increase in married women's employment; female labour force participation negative correlation with income inequality; female education also positively affects daughters' education level
education being necessary not sufficient condition, also influenced by family size and structure
1.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
11
Stock2021
Stock, R. (2021).
2021
Bright as night: Illuminating the antinomies of `gender positive’ solar development
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105196
article
development
India
2018
1.0
implicit
women
baseline survey, interviews
observational
quantitative survey and in-depth interviews; discourse analysis
200.0
household
subnational, rural
0.0
authoritative knowledge power framework (Laclau&Mouffe)
no causal research
infrastructure
0
1
0
gender; income; spatial
1.0
0.0
employment
insignificant increased employment probability; advantaged women predominantly belong to dominant castes
project capture by village female elites; women of disadvantaged castes further excluded from training and work opportunities
1.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
12
Standing2015
Standing, G.
2015
Why Basic Income’s Emancipatory Value Exceeds Its Monetary Value
Basic Income Studies
https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0021
article
economics
India
2010-2013
18.0
implicit
low-income households
baseline & 3 follow-up surveys and censuses; structured interviews
experimental
rural RCT, randomization at village level; 18/12 months of ubi provision with follow up surveys and interviews
1665.0
household
subnational, rural
1.0
Lauderdale paradox (money, if scarce becomes even more valuable resource)
ubi paid in addition to any other state transfers; included in sample for effects on work choice (forced to work for debtors, free to pursue own-work)
ubi
1
0
1
income; ethnicity
0.0
0.0
debt
ubi significantly decreases debts; results go beyond direct monetary value; households did not have to work for lenders/to pay off debt
directly enables debt reduction; reduces debt-dependency risks; avoids taking on new debt; enables choosing less exploitative forms of borrowing
-1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
13
Standing2015
Standing, G.
2015
Why Basic Income’s Emancipatory Value Exceeds Its Monetary Value
Basic Income Studies
https://doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0021
article
economics
India
2010-2013
18.0
implicit
low-income households
baseline & 3 follow-up surveys and censuses; structured interviews
experimental
rural RCT, randomization at village level; 18/12 months of ubi provision with follow up surveys and interviews
1665.0
household
subnational, rural
1.0
Lauderdale paradox (money, if scarce becomes even more valuable resource)
ubi paid in addition to any other state transfers; included in sample for effects on work choice (forced to work for debtors, free to pursue own-work)
ubi
1
0
1
income; ethnicity
0.0
0.0
saving
ubi significantly increases savings; allowed increasing economic security/empowerment of households
shift to institutionalized saving strengthening shock resilience; schooling of the household head, landholding, caste and household size also affect savings
1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
14
SilveiraNeto2011
Silveira Neto, R. D. M., & Azzoni, C. R.
2011
Non-spatial government policies and regional income inequality in brazil
Regional Studies
https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400903241485
article
economics
Brazil
1995-2005
implicit
poor
national administrative survey 'Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicılio' (PNAD)
quasi-experimental
OLS, beta convergence test
27.0
region
national, census
1.0
limited underlying data only allows estimation of Bolsa impact at endline; minimum wage had to be estimated from minimum-wage equal job incomes
minimum wage; direct transfers (cash)
1
0
1
spatial; income
1.0
1.0
Gini coeff
incomes have converged between regions after introduction of cash transfer and minimum wage with both accounting for 26.2% of effect; minimum wage contributed 16.6% to overall Gini reduction, transfers 9.6%
quasi-regional effects through predominant transfers to poorer regions
-1.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
15
Shepherd-Banigan2021
Shepherd-Banigan, M., Pogoda, T. K., McKenna, K., Sperber, N., & Van Houtven, C. H.
2021
Experiences of VA vocational and education training and assistance services: Facilitators and barriers reported by veterans with disabilities
In Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal
https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000437
article
psychology
United States
2018
explicit
disabled
interviews
qualitative
semi-structured interviews
26.0
individual
local
0.0
sample restricted to veterans with caregiver; data provide little evidence for supported employment efficacy
training
0
0
1
age; disability
1.0
1.0
employment (rtw)
vocational and educational services help strengthen individual agency and motivation; potential disability payment loss may impede skills development efforts
primary barriers health problems, programmes not accomodating disabled veteran student needs; primary facilitator financial assistance for education and individual motivation
1.0
2.0
0.0
16
Rendall2013
Rendall, M.
2013
Structural change in developing countries: Has it decreased gender inequality?
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.005
article
development
Brazil; Mexico; India; Thailand
1987-2008
implicit
women
WB Household Survey; IPUMS USA/International/CPS
quasi-experimental
OLS; Mincer wage regression; Wellington wage gap decomposition; comparative average factor deviations
200000.0
individual
national, census
capital displacing production brawn (Galor & Weil 1996)
trade liberalization (structural changes)
0
1
0
gender; income
1.0
1.0
female employment shares
all countries decreased brawn requirements (smallest change in India, 0.2ppts; largest in Thailand 15ppts); decreased labour market gender inequality in Brazil; largest steady LM inequality in India; mixed results for Mexico and Thailand
reduced requirement for physical labour (switching 'brawn' to 'brain'); switching to e.g. service-oriented labour
1.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
17
Rendall2013
Rendall, M.
2013
Structural change in developing countries: Has it decreased gender inequality?
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.005
article
development
Brazil; Mexico; India; Thailand
1987-2008
implicit
women
WB Household Survey; IPUMS USA/International/CPS
quasi-experimental
OLS; Mincer wage regression; Wellington wage gap decomposition; comparative average factor deviations
200000.0
individual
national, census
capital displacing production brawn (Galor & Weil 1996)
trade liberalization (structural changes)
0
1
0
gender; income
1.0
1.0
female wage shares
Brazil closed wage gap the fastest, though widened more recently; Thailand/India mixed results
reduced returns on brain intensive occupations in Brazil; different LM skill structure in Thailand/India, context dependency of structural changes
1.0
1.0
5.0
2.0
18
Poppen2017
Poppen, M., Lindstrom, L., Unruh, D., Khurana, A., & Bullis, M.
2017
Preparing youth with disabilities for employment: An analysis of vocational rehabilitation case services data
Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation
https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-160857
article
health
United States
2003-2013
explicit
disabled young adults
state administrative Oregon Rehabilitation Case Automation system (ORCA)
quasi-experimental
multivariate logistic regression; OLS
4443.0
individual
subnational
0.0
data gathered for service delivery not research may provide lower reliability; no measurement for service quality; no nationally representative sample lowers generalizability
training (vocational rehabilitation)
0
1
1
disability; gender; age
1.0
0.0
employment
significantly decreased employment probability for women, having mental illness or traumatic brain injury as primary disability, multiple disabilities, interpersonal/self-care impediment, receiving social security benefits; youth-transition programme, more VR services significantly increased
1.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
19
Pi2016
Pi, J., & Zhang, P.
2016
Hukou system reforms and skilled-unskilled wage inequality in China
China Economic Review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.08.009
article
economics
China
1988-2013
12.0
implicit
urban workers
national administrative Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010-13
simulation
general equilibrium model
household
subnational, urban
0.0
generalizability restricted due to specific institutional contexts of Chinese hukou systems; no disaggregation to private/public sector; job search not part of model
social security; education (access)
1
1
0
income; migration; ethnicity
1.0
1.0
decile ratios (90th to 10th)
increased access to social security for urban migrants decreases wage inequality between skilled-unskilled urban workers if skilled sector is more capital intensive than unskilled sector
-1.0
3.0
0.0
20
Militaru2019
Militaru, E., Popescu, M. E., Cristescu, A., & Vasilescu, M. D.
2019
Assessing minimum wage policy implications upon income inequalities: The case of Romania
Sustainability
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092542
article
economics
Romania
2013-2014
12.0
explicit
low-income workers
EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC)
dependent on simulation order; can not account for tax evasion, behavioural changes; over-representation of employees in sample; remaining unobservables on inequality outcomes
does not see minimum wage increase as most efficient income inequality reduction policy per se, but sees efficiency possibly enhanced by accompanying skills development programs
minimum wage
1
1
0
income; gender
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
small decrease in wage inequality; larger impact for women
concentration of workers at minimum wage level matters, women make up larger part; increase in number of wage earners in total number of employees
-1.0
4.0
0.0
21
Liyanaarachchi2016
Liyanaarachchi, T. S., Naranpanawa, A., & Bandara, J. S.
2016
Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka. An integrated macro-micro modelling approach
Economic Modelling
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.07.008
article
economy
Sri Lanka
2009-2010
12.0
implicit
workers
national administrative Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)
simulation
macro-micro computable general equilibrium model
19958.0
household
national
1.0
static model not able to account for transition paths; no disaggregated sectoral input-output data available
trade liberalization
1
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Atkinson index; S-Gini index; Atkinson-Gini index; Entropy index
reduced absolute poverty for tariff elimination only, mixed results but reduction for tariff elim and fiscal policy changes together; income inequality increases in long-run in all sectors
increased wage differences (esp for manager, professionals, technicians and urban workers); low-income households more dependent on private/gov transfers which do not increase with trade liberalization
1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
22
Li2022
Li, Y., & Sunder, N.
2022
Land inequality and workfare policies
Journal of development studies
https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.2008362
article
development
India
2005-2006
12.0
implicit
potential labour force
Indian Agricultural Census (2000, 2005); national administrative panel data MGNREGA public data portal
quasi-experimental
OLS, instrumental variable approach
414.0
district
national, census
1.0
political capture theory
sample attrition in matching NREGA districts to GINI data; assumption of no institutional/cultural unobservables
work programme
0
1
0
income; spatial
0.0
0.0
employment (LFP rate per land ownership through Gini)
work programme generally increases LFP; but internal heterogeneity, difference in job provision not due to public job demand changes, caste, religion; previous capital inequality (land ownership) strongly affects programme efficacy
landlords oppose implementation due to general wage increases following, lobby against workfare introduction; decreased bargaining power of labour in more inequal districts
1.0
2.0
5.0
4.0
23
Kuriyama2021
Kuriyama, A., & Abe, N.
2021
Decarbonisation of the power sector to engender a 'Just transition’ in Japan: Quantifying local employment impacts
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110610
article
development
Japan
2016
rural workers
Historical Data of Power Supply and Demand Record Data
simulation
multi-step projection modelling; use Gini coefficient
10.0
region
national
0.0
has to assume amount of generated power as stable square function increase 2016-2050; employment numbers based on initial estimated model data only
highest impact in construction and manufacturing sector, long-term large impact in power sector, stable impacts throughout in service sectors and others
infrastructure
0
1
0
spatial
1.0
0.0
employment
power sector decarbonisation positively impacts rural workers through increased employment probability
attachment of larger-scale renewable energy to rural sectors increases employment scarcity
1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
24
Khan2021
Khan, M. A., Walmsley, T., & Mukhopadhyay, K.
2021
Trade liberalization and income inequality: The case for Pakistan
Journal of Asian Economics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101310
article
economics
Pakistan
2010-2011
implicit
workers
GTAP database; SAM Pakistan 2010-2011 (IFPRI)
simulation
computable general equilibrium model; MyGTAP model
30.0
region
national
1.0
generalizability might be reduced due to production factor reallocations specific to the rural poor context of Pakistan
trade liberalization
1
1
0
income; spatial
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
mixed results for free-trade agreements (some Large TA negative correlation w Gini, some regional/bilateral also); impact of trade liberalization depends on micro-economic factors; greater mobility dissipates short-term effects; long-term some increase in income equality
increases in income of poor rural agricultural farm households dependent on grain (with largest export grain rising under most FTA, livestock falling); equity increases through increased wages of farm workers, when this did not happen generally equity decrease; wage compression effects
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
25
Hojman2019
Hojman, A., & López Bóo, F.
2019
Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers
Enticing even higher female labor supply: The impact of cheaper day care
Review of Economics of the Household
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9215-8
article
economics
Norway
1995-2006
48.0
implicit
mothers
Norwegian Labor and Welfare Service (NAV); Register for Employers and Employees
quasi-experimental
triple-difference approach
200530.0
individual
national
1.0
simultaneous capacity extension may bias results
subsidy (childcare)
1
1
0
gender; education; migration
1.0
0.0
employment; hours worked
child care price reduction increased female labour supply (about 5pct); no impact on mothers already participating in labour market; stronger impact on low-education mothers, low-income households; no significant impact on immigrant mothers
day care expenditure larger part of low-income/-education households creating larger impact; may also be due to average lower employment rates for those households
1.0
2.0
4.0
3.0
27
Go2010
Go, D. S., Kearney, M., Korman, V., Robinson, S., & Thierfelder, K.
2010
Wage subsidy and labour market flexibility in south africa
Journal of development studies
https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428456
article
development
South Africa
2003
implicit
low-/semi-skilled workers
GCE model based on 2003 LM data; Pauw & Edwards (2006)
simulation
micro-simulation; multi-sector, multi-labour computable general equilibrium model
43.0
sector
national
0.0
potentially reduced generalizability due to simulation's assumptions
subsidy (wage)
0
1
0
income
0.0
0.0
Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty headcount ratio
overall decrease in FGT ratio, about 1.6% of households moving out of poverty; similar changes in urban/rural spaces; greater gains in poorer households
income gains for poorer households
-1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
28
Go2010
Go, D. S., Kearney, M., Korman, V., Robinson, S., & Thierfelder, K.
2010
Wage subsidy and labour market flexibility in south africa
Journal of development studies
https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428456
article
development
South Africa
2003
implicit
low-/semi-skilled workers
GCE model based on 2003 LM data; Pauw & Edwards (2006)
simulation
micro-simulation; multi-sector, multi-labour computable general equilibrium model
43.0
sector
national
0.0
potentially reduced generalizability due to simulation's assumptions
subsidy (wage)
0
1
0
income
0.0
0.0
Gini coeff
Overall reduction in income inequality (0.5 ppt), not significant effects
income redistribution; increased formal employment for low-/medium-skill workers
-1.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
29
Gilbert2001
Gilbert, A., Phimister, E., & Theodossiou, I.
2001
The potential impact of the minimum wage in rural areas
Regional Studies
https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400120084759
article
economic
United Kingdom
1991-1998
84.0
implicit
rural workers
national administrative panel survey British Household Panel Survey (BHPS)
observational
observational methods with counterfactual approach
5500.0
household
subnational, rural
1.0
has to assume no effects on employment
minimum wage
1
0
0
spatial; income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
overall insignificant decrease of income inequality; policy will have spatial dimension with rural households more affected; larger positive impact for remote rural households
rural component depends on proximity to urban areas through having access to urban markets
-1.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
30
Gates2000
Gates, L. B.
2000
Workplace Accommodation as a Social Process
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009445929841
article
sociology
United States
2000
12.0
explicit
mentally ill workers
survey, protocol
qualitative
action protocol development
12.0
individual
local
0.0
counseling (workplace accommodation)
0
1
1
disability
1.0
0.0
employment (rtw)
successful accommodation requires social component; relationship largest barrier; agency of returnee must be strengthened
unsuccessful accommodations rely on the functional aspect; supervisors play primary role in success of accommodation process
1.0
2.0
0.0
31
Field2019
Field, E., Pande, R., Rigol, N., Schaner, S., & Moore, C. T.
2019
On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms
National Bureau of Economic Research
https://doi.org/10.3386/w26294
working paper
development
India
2013-2017
36.0
explicit
women workers
baseline, 2 follow-up surveys; MGNREGS Program Management information system (MIS)
experimental
RCT; individual account (partial treatment), account + training (full treatment)
5851.0
household
subnational, rural
1.0
financial empowerment as normative tool
possibility of upward bias due to attenuation over time
long-run effects for constrained women working driven by private sector
training (financial)
0
0
1
gender; spatial
1.0
0.0
employment; hours worked
short-term deposits into women's own accounts and training increased labour supply; long-term increased acceptance of female work and female hours worked
increased bargaining power through greater control of income
1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
32
Emigh2018
Emigh, R. J., Feliciano, C., O’Malley, C., & Cook-Martin, D.
2018
The effect of state transfers on poverty in post-socialist eastern europe
Social Indicators Research
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1660-y
article
economics
Hungary; Bulgaria; Romania
1999-2002
24.0
implicit
poor people
panel data
quasi-experimental
two-wave panel analysis; OLS; random effects negative binomial model
does not have long-term panel data to fully analyse underclass/neoclassical perspectives
increased probability for poverty of low-education, large, Roma households
direct transfers (cash)
0
1
1
income; ethnicity; gender
0.0
0.0
poverty
level of payments may have been too small to eliminate long-term adverse effects of market transition; in each country case state transfers to individuals reduced their poverty and were at least short-term beneficial; poverty most feminized in Hungary, least feminized in Bulgaria
poverty may have feminized as market transitions progressed; larger positive transfer effects for low-education households
-1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
33
Dustmann2012
Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.
2012
Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes
Economic journal: applied economics
https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190
article
economics
Germany
1979-1992
40.0
explicit
working mothers
national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference analysis
13000.0
individual
national, census
0.0
sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification
no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income
paid leave (6 months childcare)
1
1
0
gender
1.0
0.0
income
sign. positive effects among all wage segments for mothers cumulative income 40 months after childbirth
provision of job protection and short-term monetary benefits
1.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
34
Dustmann2012
Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.
2012
Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes
Economic journal: applied economics
https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190
article
economics
Germany
1979-1992
40.0
explicit
working mothers
national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference analysis
13000.0
individual
national, census
0.0
sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification
no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income
paid leave (36 months childcare)
1
1
0
gender
1.0
0.0
income
marginally sign. negative effect for low-wage mothers after 10month paid leave; significant negative effects among for all mothers cumulative income for 36 month paid leave
long-term extension is unpaid leave, only providing job protection
-1.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
35
Dustmann2012
Dustmann, C., & Schönberg, U.
2012
Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Children’s Long-Term Outcomes
Economic journal: applied economics
https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.190
article
economics
Germany
1979-1992
40.0
explicit
working mothers
national administrative Social Security Records (1975-2008)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference analysis
13000.0
individual
national, census
0.0
sample restricted to mothers who go on maternity leave; restricted control group identification
no sign. impact on child outcomes; possible negative effect for long-term leave due to child requiring external stimuli and lowered mother's income
paid leave (childcare)
1
1
0
gender
1.0
1.0
employment (rtw share)
sign. increase in months away from work among all wage segments, positively correlated with length of paid leave; majority rtw after leave end, with slight decrease for 18-36month leave period
-1.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
36
Delesalle2021
Delesalle, E.
2021
The effect of the Universal Primary Education program on consumption and on the employment sector: Evidence from Tanzania
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105345
article
development
Tanzania
2002-2012
36.0
implicit
rural workers
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Population and Housing Census 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference approach; IV approach
433606.0
individual
national
0.0
human capital theory
can not directly identify intervention compliers, constructing returns for household heads; 'villagization' effect may have impacted unobserved variables affecting returns
programme increased primary education access and introduced more technical curriculum
education (universal)
0
1
0
spatial; education
1.0
1.0
education
improved overall rural education; education inequalities persist along gender, geographical, income lines
villagization effect, increased education access
1.0
4.0
4.0
37
Delesalle2021
Delesalle, E.
2021
The effect of the Universal Primary Education program on consumption and on the employment sector: Evidence from Tanzania
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105345
article
development
Tanzania
2002-2012
36.0
implicit
rural workers
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Population and Housing Census 2002; Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference approach; IV approach
433606.0
individual
national
0.0
human capital theory
can not directly identify intervention compliers, constructing returns for household heads; 'villagization' effect may have impacted unobserved variables affecting returns
programme increased primary education access and introduced more technical curriculum
education (universal)
0
1
1
spatial; education; gender
1.0
0.0
consumption
sg increase for formal wage and agricultural work for women; sg increase in non-agricultural wage work for men; returns to education lower in agriculture than other self-employment/wage work
The impact of Oportunidades on human capital and income distribution in Mexico: A top-down/bottom-up approach
Journal of Policy Modeling
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.014
article
economics
Mexico
2008
explicit
poor
national administrative survey Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2008
simulation
general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model
30000.0
household
national
0.0
human capital theory
analytical household-level limitations; no indirect cost-effects able to be accounted for; static model
study attempts to explictly account for spillover effects and capture conditionality for school attendance
direct transfers (cash)
0
1
0
income; generational
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
raises average income of poorest households by 23%; increasing skills decreases inequality
cash influx; positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work; direct benefit for human capital increase (school attendance), indirect benefit for increased scarcity of unskilled labor
-1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
39
Davies2022
Davies, J. M., Brighton, L. J., Reedy, F., & Bajwah, S.
2022
Maternity provision, contract status, and likelihood of returning to work: Evidence from research intensive universities in the UK
Gender Work And Organization
https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12843
article
organization
United Kingdom
2013-2018
implicit
high-skill female workers
FOI data of Russell Group universities
observational
cross-sectional; pooled odds ratios
17.0
employer
local
0.0
scarce high-level academic female representation through 'leaky pipeline'
fragmented data restricting observable variables; doest not account for atypical/short-term contracts
study on public university employers only
paid leave (childcare)
1
1
0
gender
1.0
1.0
employment (rtw ratios)
significantly decreased employment probability for rtw on fixed-term contracts compared to open-ended contracts; most universities provided limited access to maternity payment for fixed-contract staff
fewer included provisions in fixed-term contracts; strict policies on payments if contract ends before end of maternity leave/minimum length of rtw; long-term continuous service requirements for extended payments
-1.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
40
Clark2019
Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.
2019
The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa
Demography
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3
article
sociology
Kenya
2015-2016
12.0
explicit
mothers
national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System
experimental
RCT
738.0
individual
subnational, urban
1.0
economic empowerment theory
results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate
subsidy (childcare)
0
1
0
gender
1.0
1.0
employment probability difference
subsidy increased employment probability (8.5ppts) for poor married mothers
increased ability to work through lower childcare burden
1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
41
Clark2019
Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.
2019
The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa
Demography
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3
article
sociology
Kenya
2015-2016
12.0
explicit
mothers
national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System
experimental
RCT
738.0
individual
subnational, urban
1.0
economic empowerment theory
results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate
subsidy (childcare)
0
1
0
gender
1.0
0.0
hours worked
subsidy decreased hours worked without decreasing income for single mothers
allows shifting to jobs with more regular hours
-1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
42
Cieplinski2021
Cieplinski, A., D’Alessandro, S., Distefano, T., & Guarnieri, P.
2021
Coupling environmental transition and social prosperity: A scenario-analysis of the Italian case
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.03.007
article
economics
Italy
2010-2014
implicit
workers
ISTAT national accounts 2010,2014; EU-KLEMS LM data
simulation
dynamic macrosimulation model
individual
national
1.0
models assumption of workers accepting lower income and consumption levels for work time reduction
regulation (working time reduction)
1
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini; employment rates
working time reduction policy significantly increases employment; significantly decreases income inequality
significantly decreases aggregate demand
-1.0
1.0
4.0
0.0
43
Cieplinski2021
Cieplinski, A., D’Alessandro, S., Distefano, T., & Guarnieri, P.
2021
Coupling environmental transition and social prosperity: A scenario-analysis of the Italian case
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2021.03.007
article
economics
Italy
2010-2014
implicit
workers
ISTAT national accounts 2010,2014; EU-KLEMS LM data
simulation
dynamic macrosimulation model
individual
national
1.0
models assumption of workers accepting lower income and consumption levels for work time reduction
ubi
1
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini
decreases income inequality; negative impact on environmental outcomes
sustains aggregate demand
-1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
44
Chao2022
Chao, C.-C., Ee, M. S., Nguyen, X., & Yu, E. S. H.
2022
Minimum wage, firm dynamics, and wage inequality: Theory and evidence
International Journal Of Economic Theory
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12307
article
economics
global
2005-2015
formal workers
WB Doing Business Survey, WDI, ILOSTAT
simulation
dual economy general-equilibrium model
43.0
country
national
1.0
Harris & Todaro rural-urban migration model
decreasing inequality through increased rural agricultural capital, while reasonable, has to be a prior assumption; short-term firm exit has to be omitted
minimum wage
1
0
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
short-term reduction of skilled-unskilled wage gap but increased unemployment, decreased welfare; long-term increased wage equality and improved social welfare
firm exit from urban manufacturing increases capital to rural agricultural sector
-1.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
45
Carstens2018
Carstens, C., & Massatti, R.
2018
Predictors of labor force status in a random sample of consumers with serious mental illness
Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-018-9597-8
article
health services
United States
2014-2015
1.0
explicit
mentally ill
survey data
observational
multinomial logistic regression model
917.0
individual
national
0.0
human capital theory; strength-based therapy
small sample due to low response rate; over-representation of women, older persons, racial minorities
employment motivators captured as increased responsibility and problem-solving, stress management, reduced depression and anxiety; employment barriers
subsidy (health care)
1
1
0
disability
1.0
1.0
employment probability
LFP significantly increased for employment incentives; significantly reduced for employment barriers and Medicaid ABD programme participation; marginally reduced for
Medicaid ABD generates benefits trap of disability determination
-1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
46
Broadway2020
Broadway, B., Kalb, G., McVicar, D., & Martin, B.
2020
The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Labor Supply and Employment Outcomes in Australia
Feminist Economics
https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718175
article
economics
Australia
2009-2012
14.0
explicit
working mothers
national administrative surveys Baseline Mothers Survey (BaMS), Family and Work Cohort Study (FaWCS)
quasi-experimental
propensity score matching
5000.0
individuals
national, census
1.0
can not account for child-care costs; can not fully exclude selection bias into motherhood; potential (down-ward) bias through pre-birth labor supply effects/financial crisis
child-care costs may have additional dampening effect on rtw
paid leave (childcare)
1
1
0
gender; income
1.0
0.0
employment (rtw)
short-term (<6months) decrease of rtw; long-term (>6-9months) significant positive impact on returning to work in same job under same conditions; greatest response from disadvantaged mothers
supplants previous employer-funded leave which often did not exist for disadvantaged mothers; reduction in opportunity cost of delaying rtw
1.0
2.0
5.0
3.5
47
Blumenberg2014
Blumenberg, E., & Pierce, G.
2014
A Driving Factor in Mobility? Transportation’s Role in Connecting Subsidized Housing and Employment Outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program
Journal of the American Planning Association
https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.935267
article
development
United States
1994-2001
84.0
implicit
poor women
baseline and follow-up survey;
experimental
RCT; multinomial regression model
3199.0
household
subnational, metropolitan
1.0
low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated
98% of sample is female
subsidy (housing mobility)
0
1
0
spatial; gender; ethnicity
1.0
1.0
employment rate
no relationship between subsidy and employment outcomes; increased employment probability for people living in high transit areas, but no increased job gain for moving to high transit area itself
high transit area employment paradox may be due to inherent difficulty of connecting household to opportunity in dispersed labor market just via access to transit
0.0
0.0
3.0
5.0
48
Blumenberg2014
Blumenberg, E., & Pierce, G.
2014
A Driving Factor in Mobility? Transportation’s Role in Connecting Subsidized Housing and Employment Outcomes in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program
Journal of the American Planning Association
https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.935267
article
development
United States
1994-2001
84.0
implicit
poor women
baseline and follow-up survey;
experimental
RCT; multinomial regression model
3199.0
household
subnational, metropolitan
1.0
low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated
98% of sample is female
infrastructure (transport)
0
1
0
spatial; gender; ethnicity
1.0
1.0
employment rate
increased employment probability for car ownership
better transport mobility to access wider job opportunity network
1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
49
Bartha2020
Bartha, A., & Zentai, V.
2020
Long-term care and gender equality: Fuzzy-set ideal types of care regimes in europe
Social inclusion (vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 92–102)
https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.2956
article
sociology
global
2016-2019
1.0
implicit
women
European Commission; Eurofound; Mutual Information System on Social Protection; European Institute for Gender Equality
relying on migrant work is often poorly regulated, low paid and in turn may have negative consequences on gender equality in migrant communities/home countries
social security (pensions, care facilities); regulation (LTC-reforms, fiscal policies)
1
1
0
gender; age
1.0
1.0
full-time equivalent employment rate gap between men and women
few countries fit an ideal-type household of male bread-winner (traditional), unsupported/supported double-earner; supported double-earner type mostly prevalent in Western Europe/Scandinavian countries, Southern/Eastern Europe predominantly unsupported double-earner; women will take on more unpaid care work in that model
in-home care facilitated by rising migrant cash-for-care work sectors may increase FLFP
-1.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
50
Bailey2012
Bailey, M. J., Hershbein, B., & Miller, A. R.
2012
The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages
Economic journal: applied economics
https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.225
article
economics
United States
1968-1989
implicit
young women
longitudinal administrative National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLS-YW)
quasi-experimental
linear regression models; OLS; Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with recentered influence function (RIF) procedure
5159.0
individual
national
0.0
dataset does not capture access to contraception beyond age 20 and social multiplier effects (e.g. changed hiring/promotion patterns)
technological change (contraception)
0
1
0
gender; income
1.0
1.0
hourly wage distribution (gendered)
early legal access to contraceptives ('the pill') influenced decrease in gender gap by 10% in 1980s, 30% in 1990s; estimates 1/3rd of total female wage gains induced by access 1980s-1990s
increased labor market experience (due to not exiting early); greater educational attainment, occupational upgrading; spurred personal investment in human capital and careers
-1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
51
Adams2015
Adams, S., & Atsu, F.
2015
Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries
Journal of Policy Modeling
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003
article
economics
global
1970-2012
implicit
developing countries
panel data
quasi-experimental
system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient
72.0
country
regional
0.0
macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only
LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls
trade liberalization (FDI)
1
0
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related
wrong targeting incentive structure for FDI
1.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
52
Adams2015
Adams, S., & Atsu, F.
2015
Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries
Journal of Policy Modeling
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003
article
economics
global
1970-2012
implicit
developing countries
panel data
quasi-experimental
system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient
72.0
country
regional
0.0
macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only
LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls
regulation (labour)
1
0
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
labour regulations and business regulations negatively related to equitable income distribution while credit market regulation has no effect in income distribution; FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related
regulatory policies often lack institutional capability to optimize for benefits; policies require specific targeting of inequality reduction
1.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
53
Adams2015
Adams, S., & Atsu, F.
2015
Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries
Journal of Policy Modeling
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.08.003
article
economics
global
1970-2012
implicit
developing countries
panel data
quasi-experimental
system general method of moments, fixed effects, OLS; using Gini coefficient
72.0
country
regional
0.0
macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only
LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls
education (school enrolment)
1
0
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
school enrolment positively related to equitable income distribution
capacity-building for public administration practitioners; more context-adapted policies generated
-1.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
54
Alinaghi2020
Alinaghi, N., Creedy, J., & Gemmell, N.
2020
The redistributive effects of a minimum wage increase in New Zealand: A microsimulation analysis
Australian Economic Review
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12381
article
economics
New Zealand
2012-2013
implicit
New Zealand Household Economic Survey (HES)
simulation
microsimulation model; uses Atkinson index
3500.0
individual
national
0.0
large sample weights may bias specific groups, e.g. sole parents
minimum wage
1
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
Atkinson index
small impact on inequality of income signals bad programme targeting; significant reduction in poverty measures for sole parents already in employment only, but insignificant for sole parents overall
many low-wage earners are secondary earners in higher income households; low-wage households often have no wage earners at all
-1.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
55
Sotomayor2021
Sotomayor, Orlando J.
2021
Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182
article
economics
Brazil
1995-2015
12.0
implicit
workers
national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference estimator
40000.0
household
national, census
1.0
survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving
minimum wage
1
0
0
income
0.0
0.0
poverty
within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%
-1.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
56
Sotomayor2021
Sotomayor, Orlando J.
2021
Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil
World Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182
article
economics
Brazil
1995-2015
12.0
implicit
workers
national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME)
quasi-experimental
difference-in-difference estimator
40000.0
household
national, census
1.0
survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving
minimum wage
1
0
0
income
0.0
1.0
Gini coeff
inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings
unemployment costs (job losses) overwhelmed by benefits (higher wages); but inelastic relationship of increase and changes in poverty
-1.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
57
Al-Mamun2014
Al-Mamun, A., Wahab, S. A., Mazumder, M. N. H., & Su, Z.
2014
Empirical Investigation on the Impact of Microcredit on Women Empowerment in Urban Peninsular Malaysia
Journal of Developing Areas
https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2014.0030
article
development
Malaysia
2011
2.0
implicit
women
structured face-to-face interviews
quasi-experimental
cross-sectional stratified random sampling; OLS, multiple regression analysis
242.0
individual
subnational, urban
1.0
household economic portfolio model (Chen & Dunn, 1996)
can not establish full experimental design
microcredit; training
0
0
1
gender; income
1.0
0.0
empowerment index (personal savings; personal income; asset ownership)
increase in household decision-making for women; increase in economic security for women; constrained by inability for individuals to obtain loans
individual access to finance; collective agency increase through meetings and training
1.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
58
Ahumada2023
Ahumada, P. P.
2023
Trade union strength, business power, and labor policy reform: The cases of Argentina and Chile in comparative perspective
International Journal of Comparative Sociology
https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231163846
article
sociology
global
2009-2017
time-series cross-sectional database for collective labour rights and class power disparity
quasi-experimental
OLS; Arellano estimator
78.0
country
regional
0.0
power resource theory
limited 2-observation dataset per country; potential remaining measurement bias due to concurrent shocks
collective action (unionization)
1
0
0
income
0.0
1.0
Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining (FACB) and violation index coding
more unequal political power distribution hinders processes of collective organisation
4.0
2.0
59
Cardinaleschi2019
Cardinaleschi, S., De Santis, S., & Schenkel, M.
2019
Effects of decentralised bargaining on gender inequality: Italy
Panoeconomicus
https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1903325C
article
economics
Italy
2014
Linked Employer Employees Data from Structure of Earnings Survey
Only a short-term decomposition of mostly cross-sectional dataset
collective action (collective bargaining)
1
1
0
gender; income
1.0
1.0
income shares
collective negotiation practices address gender gap marginally significantly; need to be supplemented by policies considering human-capital aspects
occupational segregation into feminized industries
1.0
1.0
5.0
2.0
60
Coutinho2006
Coutinho, M. J., Oswald, D. P., & Best, A. M.
2006
Differences in Outcomes for Female and Male Students in Special Education
Career Development for Exceptional Individuals
https://doi.org/10.1177/08857288060290010401
article
education
United States
1972-1994
72.0
implicit
young women with disabilities
National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS-88)
quasi-experimental
OLS; linear and two-step multinomial logistic regression
13391.0
individual
national
0.0
sample does not include students with more severe impairments due to requirement of self-reporting; selection based on parent-reporting may introduce bias
more men than women in skilled/technical positions across all groups
education (special needs)
0
1
0
disability; gender; income; age
1.0
0.0
female employment ratio, female income ratio
females with disabilities less likely to be employed, and earned less than males with disability; females less likely to obtain high school diploma; more likely to be biological parent
men employed more months, more hours per week than women; largest income difference in special education and low achievers
-1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
61
Dieckhoff2015
Dieckhoff, M., Gash, V., & Steiber, N.
2015
Measuring the effect of institutional change on gender inequality in the labour market
Research in Social Stratification and Mobility
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2014.12.001
article
sociology
Austria; Belgium; Czechia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Slovakia; Spain; Sweden; and the UK
1992-2007
192.0
repeat cross-sectional data, national survey dataset European Labour Force Survey
averaged across national contexts may obscure specific insights
PRELIMINARY EXTRACTION; EXTRACTION OF DEREGULATION OF TEMPORARY CONTRACTS; FAMILY POLICIES
collective action (unionization)
0
1
0
gender
employment
men and women increased standard employment contracts with increased unionization; female employment does not decrease
increased standard employment contract probability
1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
62
Ferguson2015
Ferguson, J.-P.
2015
The control of managerial discretion: Evidence from unionization’s impact on employment segregation
American Journal of Sociology
https://doi.org/10.1086/683357
article
sociology
United States
1984-2010
implicit
women workers
AFL-CIO, NLRB datasets, amended with Current Population Survey
quasi-experimental
regression-discontinuity RD test
50000.0
individual
national
1.0
most of effects may be caused by unsobservables
collective action (unionization)
0
1
1
gender; ethnicity
1.0
0.0
employment
stronger unionization associated with more women and minorities in management, but only marginally significant
possible self-selection into unionization
1.0
1.0
4.0
4.5
63
Mukhopadhaya2003
Mukhopadhaya, P.
2003
Trends in income disparity and equality enhancing (?) education policies in the development stages of Singapore
International Journal of Educational Development
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(01)00051-7
article
education
Singapore
1980-1995
Census Reports, Yearbook of Statistics Snagopre
observational
regressions with multivariate decomposition
national, census
0.0
higher education institutional context may make generalizability outside Singapore harder
only contains labour market ancillary outcomes but strong arguments for generational inequalities; PRELIMINARY EXTRACTION
education
0
1
0
migration; generational; income; ethnicity
1.0
1.0
Gini coeff; Theil index; relative mean income
non-uniform representation of academic abilities across parental education backgrounds; education interventions may exacerbate income inequality through bad targeting
primary income inequality for migrants through between-occupational inequality; advantaged income brackets also advantaged in educative achievement brackets; system of financing higher education in Singapore further disadvantages poorer households
1.0
2.0
5.0
0.0
64
Shin2006
Shin, J., & Moon, S.
2006
Fertility, relative wages, and labor market decisions: A case of female teachers
looks at strictly female sample, can not account for changes relative to men
education; regulation (relative wage-setting)
1
1
0
gender
1.0
1.0
employment (FLFP rate)
higher relative wages significantly increase FLFP for female teachers; presence of new-born baby significantly decreases FLFP, significantly more than non-teachers; does not have effect on teacher/non-teacher selection
most relevant determinant for FLFP as teacher is college major in education; education level significant determinant; higher baby-exit effect may be due to relatively temporary lower wage loss for teachers
1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
65
Alexiou2023
Alexiou, C., & Trachanas, E.
2023
The impact of trade unions and government party orientation on income inequality: Evidence from 17 OECD economies
Journal of Economic Studies
https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-12-2021-0612
article
economics
Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom; United States
2000-2016
Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) OECD panel data
welfare state paradox (over-representation of women in low-authority jobs in progressive welfare states)
limited generalizability with unique Japanese LM institutional features; limited ability to explain voluntary effects as lasting or as symbolic compliance and impression management
paid leave (childcare)
1
0
0
gender
1.0
0.0
job quality
no change for promotions for firms not previously providing leave, positive promotion impact for firms already providing leave; incentive-based policies may lead to larger effects
voluntary compliance to maintain positive reputations
1.0
1.0
4.0
2.0
67
Mun2018
Mun, E., & Jung, J.
2018
Policy generosity, employer heterogeneity, and women’s employment opportunities: The welfare state paradox reexamined
welfare state paradox (over-representation of women in low-authority jobs in progressive welfare states)
limited generalizability with unique Japanese LM institutional features; limited ability to explain voluntary effects as lasting or as symbolic compliance and impression management
paid leave (childcare)
1
0
0
gender
1.0
0.0
employment
no increase in hiring discrimination against women reflected as decreased employment probability
decreases may be due to supply-side mechanisms based on individual career planning and reinforced existing gender division of household labour
0.0
0.0
4.0
2.0
68
Thoresen2021
Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.
2021
Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities
International journal of disability development and education
https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648
article
education
Australia
2011-204
36.0
explicit
disabled
experimental survey
quasi-experimental
quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30); annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; generalised estimating equation GEE
489.0
individual
local
0.0
non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size
Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal
training
0
1
1
disability; income
1.0
0.0
hours worked
slightly lower for disabled group initially, increase to no significant difference with non-disabled group at last survey
significant but small overall increase (3.1 hours to 1 hour difference); fluctuations for non-disability group
1.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
69
Thoresen2021
Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.
2021
Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities
International journal of disability development and education
https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648
article
education
Australia
2011-204
36.0
explicit
disabled
experimental survey
quasi-experimental
quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30); annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; generalised estimating equation GEE
489.0
individual
local
0.0
non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size
Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal
training
0
1
1
disability; income
1.0
0.0
hourly/weekly income
wages of disability group substantially lower than non-disability; increases to be non-significant over time; lower for female and disability-pension recipient groups
strong initial diff means disability group potentially more often initially employed at junior rates or skewed through attrition bias
1.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
70
Wang2016
Wang, J., & Van Vliet, O.
2016
Social Assistance and Minimum Income Benefits: Benefit Levels, Replacement Rates and Policies Across 26 Oecd Countries, 1990-2009
European Journal of Social Security
https://doi.org/10.1177/138826271601800401
article
economics
global
1990-2009
implicit
low-income
World Bank CPI indicators & Penn World Table; Social Assistance and Minimum Income Protection Dataset (Nelson, 2013)
observational
cross-country comparative analysis
26.0
country
regional
0.0
some effects may stem from exchange rate/PPP changes instead
due to data availability indicator for real minimum benefits and replacement rates could be constructed for 26 OECD countries
direct transfers (social assistance)
1
1
0
income
0.0
1.0
real wage; replacement rate
real benefit levels increased in most countries, benefit levels increasing more than consumer prices; income replacement rates mixed outcomes with decreases in some countries where real benefit levels increased
bulk of increases comes from deliberate policy changes; but benefit levels not linked to wages and policy changes not taking into account changes in wages
1.0
4.0
0.0
71
Wang2020
Wang, C., Deng, M., & Deng, J.
2020
Factor reallocation and structural transformation implications of grain subsidies in China
Journal of Asian Economics
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101248
article
economics
China
2007-2016
108.0
implicit
rural workers
TERMCN-Land database; Chinese Input-Output Table 2007
simulation
historical and TERMCN-Land structural simulation model
sector
0.0
aggregate national employment exogenous to model; strong correlation to Chinese economic characteristics makes generalisability difficult
subsidy (firm-level)
0
1
0
income; spatial
1.0
1.0
income ratio
the rural-urban income inequality is exacerbated if grain subsidies are removed; over the long term this increase attenuates but income ratio remains decreased for rural labour
displacement of rural unskilled labour; unskilled labour supply increase, labour difficult to absorb into manufacturing/service sectors; low income/price elasticity for agr. products lower rural income
# Scoping Review: Inequalities on the Labour Market
This repository contains all data, modelling and processing source code and the complete textual content to reproduce the scoping review study.
Raw, intermediate and processed data can all be found in the `02-data/` directory:
Raw data include the unmodified database queries using the scoping review search terms.
Intermediate data are made up of the bibtex file produced by Zotero, after tagging and sorting in a Zotero library, ready to be re-imported into the application.
Processed data include the fully extracted studies which make up the main sample for the review.
The full article text and code can be found in the `scoping_review.qmd` file.
It makes use of supplementary processing code which resides in the `src/` directory,
mainly to load processed data from the `02-data/` directory and turn it into `.csv` data,
as well as pre-processing those for visualization and validity ranking within the study.
## Execution and Reproduction
To reproduce the content herein, there are 3 requirements:
- [Python](https://www.python.org/) (minimum version 3.11)
Once you have all required software to install all necessary package dependencies,
invoke poetry from the main repository directory:
```bash
poetry install
```
Now, by invoking `make` the project can be rendered:
```bash
make
```
Make will by default extract the processed data and use it to render the full project into a pdf, an html and a docx version of the review, which are deposited in the `04-outputs/` directory.
You can invoke any of the `extract`, `render`, `release` steps manually instead by executing e.g. `make extract`.
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ The identified channels here are different social supports, gender role expectat
<!-- gender -->
Kumari [-@Kumari2018] looks at the relationship of both economic growth and gender disparity on the labour supply in investigating their effects on female work participation.
<!-- TODO explain U-shape -->
<!-- TODO further explanation of U-shape necessary? -->
They see a U-shaped participation rate and some evidence of cross-sector gender pay disparity which is affected by demographic factors such as migration, marriage, child care and fertility, as well as economic factors such as per capita income, unemployment, infrastructure and the prevalence of non-farm jobs.
Ultimately, they argue that the labour supply inequalities are based on inequality between the sexes and, while regulatory measures such as adequate family and childcare policies, tax regimes and the presence of subsidized healthcare help, changes to the female labour force participation fundamentally require the replacement of such a traditional value system itself.
@ -290,7 +290,8 @@ There is also low evidence for return to work being increased by education, work
# Methodology and data
This section will discuss the systematic scoping review methodology that is proposed to conduct the review of the literature on policy interventions that are expected to address inequalities in forms of work and labour market outcomes.
The following section will discuss the methodology that is proposed to conduct the review of the literature on policy interventions that are expected to address inequalities in forms of work and labour market outcomes,
as well as give an overview of the collected data.
This study follows the principles of a systematic review framework, to systematically assess the impact of an array of policies on inequalities in the world of work.
It strives to follow the clear and reproducible method of identification prior to synthesis of relevant research,
while limiting "bias by the systematic assembly, critical appraisal and synthesis" through applying scientific strategies to the review itself [@Cook1995].
@ -306,12 +307,10 @@ With an increasingly adopted approach in recent years, with rigorous dichotomy o
## The search protocol
<!-- TODO need correct above definitions -->
The search protocol was carried out based on the introduced areas of policies as well as the possible combination of definitions and outcomes in the world of work.
For each dimension of definitions, a cluster containing possible utilized terms will be created, that is for: definitions of work and labour, forms of work, definitions of inequality, forms of vertical and forms of horizontal inequalities, labour market outcomes, and definitions of policy.
Each of the clusters contains synonymous terms as well as term-adjacent phrase combinations which are in turn used to refine or broaden the search scope to best encapsulate each respective cluster, based on the above definitions.
<!-- TODO Why WOS database? -->
The search protocol then follows a three-staged process of execution: identification, screening and extraction.
First, in identification, the relevant policy, inequality and world of work related dimensions are combined through Boolean operators to conduct a search through the database repository Web of Science and supplemental searches via Google Scholar to supply potential gray literature.
While the resulting study pools could be screened for in multiple languages, the search queries themselves are passed to the databases in English-language only.
@ -479,26 +478,15 @@ For a full list of validity ranks, see @apptbl-validity-external and @apptbl-val
## Data
```{python}
#| label: calculate-relevant-studies
#| echo: false
# TODO Remove redundant 'relevant' studies observation below once all studies are extracted.
nr_relevant = len([1 for kw in all_keywords if "relevant" in kw])
```
The query execution results in an initial sample of `{python} nr_database_query_raw` potential studies identified from the database search as well as `{python} nr_snowballing_raw` potential studies from other sources, leading to a total initial number of `{python} FULL_RAW_SAMPLE_NOTHING_REMOVED`.
This accounts for all identified studies without duplicate removal, without controlling for literature that has been superseded or applying any other screening criteria.
Of these, `{python} nr_relevant` have been identified as potentially relevant studies for the purposes of this scoping review, from which `{python} nr_extraction_done` have been extracted.
<!-- {{++ FIXME: Update description for changing study pool ++}} -->
Of these, `{python} FULL_SAMPLE_DUPLICATES_REMOVED-nr_out_title-nr_out_abstract-nr_out_language` have been identified as potentially relevant studies for the purposes of this scoping review and selected for a full text review,
from which in turn `{python} nr_extraction_done` have ultimately been extracted.
The currently identified literature rises somewhat in volume over time,
with first larger outputs identified from 2014,
as can be seen in @fig-publications-per-year.
<!-- {{++ FIXME: give full year scale ++}} -->
<!-- TODO Should this be sub-divided by region or subdivision later per-section? -->
```{python}
#| label: fig-publications-per-year
#| fig-cap: Publications per year
@ -509,20 +497,21 @@ df_study_years = (
.reset_index()
.drop_duplicates()
)
# plot by year TODO decide if we want to distinguish by literature type/region/etc as hue
# FIXME should be timeseries plot so no years are missing
# FIXME potentially timeseries plot so no years are missing
ax = sns.countplot(df_study_years, x="year")
ax.tick_params(axis='x', rotation=45)
ax.set_xlabel("")
ax.set_ylabel("Count")
ax.set_xlabel("Year")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
df_study_years = None
```
Anomalies such as the relatively significant dips in output in 2016 and 2012 become especially interesting against the strong later increase of output.
While this can mean a decreased interest or different focus points within academia during those time spans,
it may also point towards alternative term clusters that are newly arising, or a re-focus towards different interventions,
and should thus be kept in mind for future scoping efforts.
Anomalies such as the relatively significant dips in output in 2016 and 2017 become especially interesting against the strong overall increase of output.
While this can mean a decreased interest or different focus points within academia during the time span,
it may also point towards newly arising alternative term clusters, or a re-focus towards different interventions,
either of which may not be completely captured in the data and should thus be kept in mind for future scoping efforts.
The predominant amount of literature is based on white literature, with only a marginal amount solely published as gray literature.
This represents a gap which seems reasonable and not surprising since the database query efforts were primarily aimed at finding the most current versions of white literature.
@ -530,7 +519,7 @@ Such a stark gap speaks to a well targeted identifaction procedure, with more up
@fig-citations-per-year-avg shows the average number of citations for all studies published within an individual year.
From the literature sample, several patterns emerge:
First, in general, citation counts are slightly decreasing - as should generally be expected with newer publications as less time has passed allowing either their contents be dissected and distributed or any repeat citations having taken place.
First, in general, citation counts are slightly decreasing --- as should generally be expected for newer publications as less time has passed allowing either their contents be dissected and distributed or any repeat citations having taken place.
@ -551,8 +545,10 @@ This suggests, first, no overall decrease in academic interest in the topic over
and second, no linearly developing concentration or centralization of knowledge output and dissemination,
though it also throws into question a clear-cut increase of *relevant* output over time.
Positive outlier years in citation amount can point to clusters of relevant literature feeding wider dissemination or cross-disciplinary interest, a possible sign of still somewhat unfocused research production which does not approach from a single coherent perspective yet.
It can also point to a centralization of knowledge production, with studies feeding more intensely off each other during the review process, a possible sign of more focused knowledge production and thus valuable to more closely review during the screening process.
Positive outlier years in citation amount can point to clusters of relevant literature feeding wider dissemination or cross-disciplinary interest,
a possible sign of still somewhat unfocused research production which does not yet approach from a single coherent perspective.
It can also point to a centralization of knowledge production, with studies feeding more intensely off each other during the literature review process,
a possible sign of more focused knowledge production and thus valuable to more closely review during screening.
It may also suggest that clearly influential studies have been produced during those years, a possibility which may be more relevant during years of more singular releases (such as 2011 and 2013).
This is because, as @fig-publications-per-year showed, the overall output was nowhere near as rich as in the following years, allowing single influential works to skew the visible means for those years.
@ -560,10 +556,6 @@ This is because, as @fig-publications-per-year showed, the overall output was no
In all of these cases, such outliers should provide clear points of interest during the screening process for eventual re-evaluation of utilized scoping term clusters and for future research focus.
Should they point towards gaps (or over-optimization) of specific areas of interest during those time-frames or more generally, they may provide an impetus for tweaking future identification queries to better align with the prevailing literature output.
<!-- {{++ TODO: Add breakdown by thematic area++}} -->
This section will present a synthesis of evidence from the scoping review,
@ -814,7 +806,7 @@ The results show the same trends for measurement of land inequality using the sh
### Social protection
<!-- TODO Include part of Pi2016 on social security -->
<!-- TODO Should we include Pi2016 on social security? -->
<!-- social assistance benefits and wages -->
@Wang2016 undertake an observational study on the levels of social assistance benefits and wages in a national comparative study within 26 OECD countries.
@ -851,8 +843,7 @@ The authors suggest this shows the primary channel of the programme becoming a b
Two limitations of the study are its small sample size due to a low response rate, and an over-representation of racial minorities, women and older persons in the sample mentioned as introducing possible downward bias for measured labour force participation rates.
<!-- UBI -->
<!-- TODO! Add to main findings and possibly env protection/labour regulation -->
<!-- TODO Add quick sentence of Standing also looking into UBI -->
<!-- TODO Potentially mention single sentence of Standing also looking into UBI -->
@Cieplinski2021 undertake a simulation study on the income inequality effects of both a policy targeting a reduction in working time and the introduction of a UBI in Italy.
It finds that while both decrease overall income inequality, measured through Gini coefficient, they do so through different channels.
While provision of a UBI sustains aggregate demand, thereby spreading income in a more equitable manner,
@ -1175,8 +1166,7 @@ Some limitations to the study include a relatively small overall sample size, as
### Unconscious bias and discriminatory norms
<!-- TODO include discussion of Gates2000 on social components of disability rtw -->
<!-- TODO include hiring / firing patterns of Mun2018? mat laws -->
<!-- TODO should we include hiring / firing patterns of Mun2018? mat laws -->
@Al-Mamun2014 conduct a study on the impacts of an urban micro-finance programme in Malaysia on the economic empowerment of women.
The programme introduced the ability for low-income urban individuals to receive collateral-free credit.
@ -1339,7 +1331,7 @@ again with the exception of @Thoresen2021 already mentioned.
sns.displot(
data=validities,
x="external_validity", hue="internal_validity",
x="External Validity", hue="Internal Validity",
kind="kde",
multiple="fill", clip=(0, None),
palette="ch:rot=-0.5,hue=1.5,light=0.9",
@ -1436,7 +1428,6 @@ Similarly, rarely do studies delineate generational outcomes from income, gender
[^education-studies]: For gender inequalities within education paths themselves, see @Stepanenko2021. For possible ways to integrate gender-transformative interventions into professional education, see @Newman2016. For the effects of prior inequalities on taxation preferences, school enrolment and educational choices, see @Gutierrez2009 and @Zamfir2017. For interactions between policies for the knowledge translation of sexual education and their barriers, see @Curran2022.
<!-- frameworks/qualitative discussion -->
<!-- explanatory framework; see data/processed/irrelevant/Eckardt2022 TODO connect with study results above -->
The effects of automation on income inequality are more clearly put into focus by @Eckardt2022 by studying income inequality and under the effects of various kinds of automation and a minimum wage within the economy.
He considers several types of automation, with automation on the extensive margin (automation of more tasks) leading to decreased wage inequality between low-skill and high-skill earners if it results in decreased overall outputs due to wage compression, and vice versa for increased total outputs.
Automation on the intensive margin (increased productivity of automating existing tasks) has ambiguous effects on the employment share of low-skill workers (who are possibly displaced) and a higher minimum wage here decreases the inequality between low-skill wages and higher-skill wages.
