!fix(data): Fix measures collected

Fixed the measures and directions collected to use Gini, Atkinson, .. measures or
absolute employment, poverty, etc.

02-data/intermediate/SAMPLE.bib

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
   usage-count-last-180-days = {0},
   usage-count-since-2013 = {12},
   web-of-science-categories = {Economics},
-  keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::income,relevant,type::regulation},
+  keywords = {direction::vertical,done::extracted,inequality::income,relevant,type::regulation},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QR2I7K2X/Adams_Atsu_2015_Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries.pdf}
 }
 

02-data/processed/relevant/Adam2018.yml

@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: spatial; income
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income; consumption
+    measures: real consumption wage differences
     findings: results depend on financing scheme, each financing scheme entails some households being worse off; rural households worse off when infrastructure is deficit-financed or paid through tariff revenue; rural households benefit most when financed through consumption taxes or by external aid
     channels: movement of rural workers out of quasi-subsistence agriculture to other locations and sectors
-    direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 
     significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes: there can be spatial differences to how connected regions within a country are to markets purely due to transport costs

02-data/processed/relevant/Adams2015.yml

@@ -23,30 +23,42 @@ causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
 theory:
 limitations: macro-level observations subsumed under region-level scale only
 observation:
-  - intervention: regulation
+  - intervention: trade liberalization (FDI)
     institutional: 1
     structural: 0
     agency: 0
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
-    findings: labour regulations and business regulations negatively related to income distribution while credit market regulation has no effect in income distribution; FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related
+    findings: FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related
+    channels: wrong targeting incentive structure for FDI
+    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+  - intervention: regulation (labour)
+    institutional: 1
+    structural: 0
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: income
+    type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: Gini coeff
+    findings: labour regulations and business regulations negatively related to equitable income distribution while credit market regulation has no effect in income distribution; FDI unlikely to generate equity-oriented welfare effects; trade openness not significantly related
     channels: regulatory policies often lack institutional capability to optimize for benefits; policies require specific targeting of inequality reduction
-    direction: 0 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
-    significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
-  - intervention: school enrolment
+  - intervention: education (school enrolment)
     institutional: 1
     structural: 0
     agency: 0
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
-    findings: school enrolment positively related to income distribution
+    findings: school enrolment positively related to equitable income distribution
-    channels: 
+    channels: capacity-building for public administration practitioners; more context-adapted policies generated
-    direction: 0 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
-    significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes: LM regulations defined as hiring/firing, minimum wage, severance pay; business reg. bureaucracy costs, business starting costs, licensing and compliance costs; credit market oversight of banks, private sector credit, interest rate controls
 annotation: |

02-data/processed/relevant/Al-Mamun2014.yml

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ observation:
     structural: 0
     agency: 1
     inequality: gender; income
-    type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: savings; decision-making
+    measures: empowerment index (personal savings; personal income; asset ownership)
-    findings: increase in household decision-making; increase in economic security; constrained by inability for individuals to obtain loans
+    findings: increase in household decision-making for women; increase in economic security for women; constrained by inability for individuals to obtain loans
     channels: individual access to finance; collective agency increase through meetings and training
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
-    significance: 1 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes:
 annotation: |

02-data/processed/relevant/Alinaghi2020.yml

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ observation:
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income; poverty
+    measures: Atkinson index
-    findings: small impact on inequality of income signals bad programme targeting; significant reduction in poverty measures for sole parents in employment but insignificant for sole parents overall
+    findings: small impact on inequality of income signals bad programme targeting; significant reduction in poverty measures for sole parents already in employment only, but insignificant for sole parents overall
     channels: many low-wage earners are secondary earners in higher income households; low-wage households often have no wage earners at all
-    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
     significance: 0 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes:

02-data/processed/relevant/Blumenberg2014.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ representativeness: national
 causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
 
 theory:
-limitations: low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital)
+limitations: low levels of explanatory power for individual model outcomes, esp for disadvantaged population groups; possible endogeneity bias through unobserved factors (e.g. human capital); binary distinction automobile access, not graduated
 observation:
   - intervention: subsidy (housing mobility)
     institutional: 0
@@ -30,11 +30,23 @@ observation:
     inequality: spatial; gender
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: employment
+    measures: employment rate
-    findings: no relationship between subsidy and employment outcomes; increased employment probability for car ownership; increased employment probability for high transit areas, not increased job gain for moving to high transit area
+    findings: no relationship between subsidy and employment outcomes; increased employment probability for people living in high transit areas, but no increased job gain for moving to high transit area itself
     channels: high transit area employment paradox may be due to inherent difficulty of connecting household to opportunity in dispersed labor market just via access to transit
     direction: 0 # 0 = no relationship no direction
     significance: 0 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+  - intervention: transport infrastructure (car ownership)
+    institutional: 0
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: spatial; gender
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: employment rate
+    findings: increased employment probability for car ownership
+    channels: better transport mobility to access wider job opportunity network
+    direction: 1 # 0 = no relationship no direction
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes: 98% of sample is female
 annotation: |

02-data/processed/relevant/Broadway2020.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ observation:
     inequality: gender; income
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: rtw
+    measures: employment (rtw)
     findings: short-term (<6months) decrease of rtw; long-term (>6-9months) significant positive impact on returning to work in same job under same conditions; greatest response from disadvantaged mothers
     channels: supplants previous employer-funded leave which often did not exist for disadvantaged mothers; reduction in opportunity cost of delaying rtw
     direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Chao2022.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ group: formal workers
 data: WB Doing Business Survey, WDI, ILOSTAT
 
 design: quasi-experimental
-method: dual economy general-equilibrium model; Gini coefficient
+method: dual economy general-equilibrium model
 sample: 43
 unit: country
 representativeness: national
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
     findings: short-term reduction of skilled-unskilled wage gap but increased unemployment, decreased welfare; long-term increased wage equality and improved social welfare
     channels: firm exit from urban manufacturing increases capital to rural agricultural sector
-    direction: 1
+    direction: -1
     significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes:

02-data/processed/relevant/Clark2019.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: gender
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: employment probability; hours worked
+    measures: employment probability difference
     findings: subsidy increased employment probability (8.5ppts) for poor married mothers
     channels: increased ability to work through lower childcare burden
     direction: 1 

02-data/processed/relevant/Debowicz2014.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ group: poor
 data: national administrative survey Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2008
 
 design: simulation
-method: general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model; using Gini coefficient
+method: general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model
 sample: 30000
 unit: household
 representativeness: national
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ observation:
     inequality: income; generational
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
-    findings: raises average income of poorest households by 23%
+    findings: raises average income of poorest households by 23%; increasing skills decreases inequality
     channels: cash influx; positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work; direct benefit for human capital increase (school attendance), indirect benefit for increased scarcity of unskilled labor
-    direction: 1
+    direction: -1
     significance: 2
 
 notes: study attempts to explictly account for spillover effects

02-data/processed/relevant/Delesalle2021.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: spatial; education
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
     measures: education
     findings: improved overall rural education; education inequalities persist along gender, geographical, income lines
     channels: villagization effect, increased education access
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ observation:
     inequality: spatial; education; gender
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: consumption; employment
+    measures: consumption
     findings: sg increase for formal wage and agricultural work for women; sg increase in non-agricultural wage work for men; returns to education lower in agriculture than other self-employment/wage work
     channels: sector choice changes, increased individual productivity
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Emigh2018.yml

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ observation:
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: poverty
     findings: level of payments may have been too small to eliminate long-term adverse effects of market transition; in each country case state transfers to individuals reduced their poverty and were at least short-term beneficial; poverty most feminized in Hungary, least feminized in Bulgaria
     channels: poverty may have feminized as market transitions progressed; larger positive transfer effects for low-education households
-    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
     significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes: increased probability for poverty of low-education, large, Roma households

02-data/processed/relevant/Gates2000.yml

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
 theory:
 limitations:
 observation:
-  - intervention: workplace accommodation
+  - intervention: counseling (workplace accommodation)
     institutional: 0
     structural: 1
     agency: 1
     inequality: disability
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: rtw
+    measures: employment (rtw)
     findings: successful accommodation requires social component; relationship largest barrier; agency of returnee must be strengthened
     channels: unsuccessful accommodations rely on the functional aspect; supervisors play primary role in success of accommodation process
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Gilbert2001.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ group: rural workers
 data: national administrative panel survey British Household Panel Survey (BHPS)
 
 design: observational
-method: observational methods with counterfactual approach; Gini coefficient used for income inequality
+method: observational methods with counterfactual approach
 sample: 5500
 unit: households
 representativeness: subnational, rural
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ observation:
     inequality: spatial; income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
     findings: overall insignificant decrease of income inequality; policy will have spatial dimension with rural households more affected; larger positive impact for remote rural households
     channels: rural component depends on proximity to urban areas through having access to urban markets
-    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
-    significance: 0 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+    significance: 1 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes:
 annotation: | 

02-data/processed/relevant/Hardoy2015.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: gender; education; migration
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: employment probability
+    measures: employment; hours worked
     findings: child care price reduction increased female labour supply (about 5pct); no impact on mothers already participating in labour market; stronger impact on low-education mothers, low-income households; no significant impact on immigrant mothers
     channels: day care expenditure larger part of low-income/-education households creating larger impact; may also be due to average lower employment rates for those households
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Hojman2019.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ observation:
     agency: 1
     inequality: gender; generational; income
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: employment; human capital
+    measures: employment
     findings: free childcare significantly increases work participation of mothers (14ppts); increases human capital of children
     channels: subsidy removes associated childcare costs (fewer childcare hours)
     direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Kuriyama2021.yml

@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ observation:
     inequality: spatial
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: employment probability
+    measures: employment
     findings: power sector decarbonisation positively impacts rural workers through increased employment probability
     channels: attachment of larger-scale renewable energy to rural sectors increases employment scarcity
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
-    significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes: highest impact in construction and manufacturing sector, long-term large impact in power sector, stable impacts throughout in service sectors and others
 annotation: |

02-data/processed/relevant/Rosen2014.yml

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
 theory:
 limitations: can not locate active ingredient
 observation:
-  - intervention: training (benefits counseling)
+  - intervention: counseling (benefits counseling)
     institutional: 0
     structural: 0
     agency: 1
     inequality: disability
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: rtw; hours worked
+    measures: hours worked (rtw)
     findings: counseling had significant increas on more waged days worked; on average 3 additional days worked in 28 days preceding measurement
     channels: not clear, neither belief about work, benefits, nor mental health/substance abuse service use increased significantly
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Shepherd-Banigan2021.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ observation:
     inequality: age; disability
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: rtw
+    measures: employment (rtw)
     findings: vocational and educational services help strengthen individual agency and motivation; potential disability payment loss may impede skills development efforts
     channels: primary barriers health problems, programmes not accomodating disabled veteran student needs; primary facilitator financial assistance for education and individual motivation
     direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/SilveiraNeto2011.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ group: poor
 data: national administrative survey 'Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicılio' (PNAD)
 
 design: quasi-experimental
-method: beta convergence test; using Gini coefficient
+method: beta convergence test
 sample: 27
 unit: region
 representativeness: national
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ observation:
     inequality: spatial; income
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
     findings: incomes have converged between regions after introduction of cash transfer and minimum wage with both accounting for 26.2% of effect; minimum wage contributed 16.6% to overall Gini reduction, transfers 9.6%
     channels: quasi-regional effects through predominant transfers to poorer regions
-    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
-    significance: 1 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
 
 notes:
 annotation: |

02-data/processed/relevant/Sotomayor2021.yml

@@ -21,8 +21,20 @@ representativeness: national
 causal: 1
 
 theory:
-limitations: suvey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving
+limitations: survey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving
 observation:
+  - intervention: minimum wage
+    institutional: 1
+    structural: 0
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: income
+    type: 0
+    indicator: 0
+    measures: poverty
+    findings: within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%
+    channels: 
+    direction: -1
+    significance: 2
   - intervention: minimum wage
     institutional: 1
     structural: 0
@@ -30,10 +42,10 @@ observation:
     inequality: income
     type: 0
     indicator: 1
-    measures: poverty; income
+    measures: Gini coeff
-    findings: within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%, inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings
+    findings: inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings
     channels: unemployment costs (job losses) overwhelmed by benefits (higher wages); but inelastic relationship of increase and changes in poverty
-    direction: 1
+    direction: -1
     significance: 2
 
 notes:

02-data/processed/relevant/Stock2021.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: gender; class; spatial
     type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: employment; empowerment
+    measures: employment
     findings: insignificant increased employment probability; advantaged women predominantly belong to dominant castes
     channels: project capture by village female elites; women of disadvantaged castes further excluded from training and work opportunities
     direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos

02-data/processed/relevant/Wong2019.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ group: wage workers
 data: national employment survey (ENEMDU)
 
 design: quasi-experimental
-method: difference-in-difference approach; relies on GINI coeff for inequality
+method: difference-in-difference approach
 sample: 1_624_422
 unit: individual
 representativeness: national
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ observation:
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
     indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
-    measures: income
+    measures: Gini coeff
-    findings: significant increase on income of low-wage earners; larger effect for agricultural workers, smaller for women; potentially negative impact on income of high-earners
+    findings: decreased income inequality through significant increase on income of low-wage earners; larger effect for agricultural workers, smaller for women; potentially negative impact on income of high-earners
     channels: income-compression effect
-    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
     significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
   - intervention: minimum wage
     institutional: 1
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ observation:
     agency: 0
     inequality: income
     type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
-    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
     measures: hours worked
     findings: significant effect on hours worked; no significant spillover effect on workers in control group; significant negative impact on female hours worked
     channels: possibly decreased intensive margin for female workers; affecting lower income increase of women

02-data/supplementary/lib.bib

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
   usage-count-last-180-days = {0},
   usage-count-since-2013 = {12},
   web-of-science-categories = {Economics},
-  keywords = {done::extracted,inequality::income,relevant,type::regulation},
+  keywords = {direction::vertical,done::extracted,inequality::income,relevant,type::regulation},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QR2I7K2X/Adams_Atsu_2015_Assessing the distributional effects of regulation in developing countries.pdf}
 }