feat(data): Extract Debowicz2014, Sotomayor2020

02-data/intermediate/relevant/Debowicz2014.yml

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+author: Debowicz, D., & Golan, J
+year: 2014
+title: "The impact of Oportunidades on human capital and income distribution in Mexico: A top-down/bottom-up approach"
+publisher: Journal of Policy Modeling
+uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.014
+discipline: economics
+
+country: Mexico
+period: 2008
+maxlength:
+targeting: explicit
+group: poor
+data: national administrative survey Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2008
+
+design: quasi-experimental
+method: general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model; using Gini coefficient
+sample: 30000
+unit: household
+representativeness: national
+causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
+
+theory: human capital theory
+limitations: analytical household-level limitations; no indirect cost-effects able to be accounted for; static model
+observation:
+  - intervention: cash transfer (conditional)
+    institutional: 0
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: income; generational
+    type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: income
+    findings: raises average income of poorest households by 23%
+    channels: cash influx; positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work; direct benefit for human capital increase (school attendance), indirect benefit for increased scarcity of unskilled labor
+    direction: 1
+    significance: 2
+
+notes: study attempts to explictly account for spillover effects
+annotation: |
+  A study looking at the impact of the cash transfer programme Oportunidades in Mexico, conditioned on a household's children school attendance, on income inequality among others.
+  It finds that a combination of effects raises the average income of the poorest households by 23 percent.
+  The authors argue in the short run this benefits households through the direct cash influx itself, as well as generating a positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work.
+  Additionally, over the long-term for the children in the model there is a direct benefit for those whose human capital is increased due to the programme, but also an indirect benefit for those who did not increase their human capital, because of the increased scarcity of unskilled labor as a secondary effect.
+  Due to the relatively low cost of the programme if correctly targeted, it seems to have a significantly positive effect on the Mexican economy and its income equality.

02-data/intermediate/relevant/Sotomayor2020.yml

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+author: Sotomayor, Orlando J.
+year: 2020
+title: Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil
+publisher: World Development
+uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182
+discipline: economics
+
+country: Brazil
+period: 1995-2015
+maxlength: 12
+targeting: implicit
+group: workers
+data: national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME)
+
+design: quasi-experimental
+method: difference-in-difference estimator
+sample: 40000
+unit: household
+representativeness: national
+causal: 1
+
+theory:
+limitations: suvey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving
+observation:
+  - intervention: minimum wage
+    institutional: 1
+    structural: 0
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: income
+    type: 0
+    indicator: 1
+    measures: poverty; income
+    findings: within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%, inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings
+    channels: unemployment costs (job losses) overwhelmed by benefits (higher wages); but inelastic relationship of increase and changes in poverty
+    direction: 1
+    significance: 2
+
+notes:
+annotation: |
+  A study on the impact of subsequent minimum wage floor introductions on poverty and income inequality in Brazil.
+  It finds that in the short-term (3 months) wage floor increases reduced poverty by 2.8% and reduced income inequality by 2.4%.
+  Over the longer-term these impacts decrease, and the minimum wage increases only show diminishing returns when the legal minimum is already high in relation to median earnings.
+  It suggests that additional unemployment costs, created through new job losses through the introduction, are offset by the increased benefits --- the higher wages for workers.
+  The authors also suggest an inelastic relationship between increases and poverty incidence.
+  One limitation of the study is the limit of tracking individuals in the underlying data which can not account for people moving household to new locations.
+  The data can only track individual dwellings --- instead of the households and inhabitants within --- and thus resembles repeated cross-sectional data more than actual panel data.
+