2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'In analysing heterosexual couples'' work-family arrangements over time
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and space, the comparative social policy literature has settled on the
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framework of the `male-breadwinner'' versus the `dual-earner'' family.
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Yet, in assuming men in couple-families are (full-time) employed, this
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framework overlooks another work-family arrangement, which is the
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`female-breadwinner'' couple. Including female-breadwinner couples
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matters because of their growing prevalence and, as our analysis shows,
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greater economic vulnerability. We perform descriptive and regression
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analyses of Luxembourg Income Study microdata to compare household
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incomes for female-breadwinner couples and other couple-types across 20
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industrialized countries. We then consider how labour earnings and
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benefit incomes vary for `pure'' breadwinner couples - comprising one
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wage-earner and one inactive/unemployed partner - according to the
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gender of the breadwinner. We find that pure female breadwinners have
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lower average individual earnings than male breadwinners, even after
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controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and occupational and
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working-time differences. Furthermore, welfare systems across most
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countries are not working hard enough to compensate for the female
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breadwinner earnings penalty, including in social-democratic countries.
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Once controls are included in our regression models, it never happens
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that pure female breadwinners have higher disposable household incomes
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than pure male breadwinners. Thus, our study adds to a growing body of
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evidence showing that female-breadwinner families sit at the
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intersection of multiple disadvantages. In turn, these couples offer
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comparative scholars of the welfare state an `acid test'' case study for
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how effectively families are protected from social risk. Our results
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additionally highlight how cross-national differences in the female
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breadwinner income disadvantage do not fit neatly with established
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welfare typologies, suggesting that other factors - in particular,
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labour market characteristics and the economic cycle - are also at play.'
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affiliation: 'Kowalewska, H (Corresponding Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Social Policy
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\& Intervent, 32 Wellington Sq, Oxford OX1 2ER, England.
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Kowalewska, Helen, Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
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Vitali, Agnese, Univ Trento, Trento, Italy.'
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article-number: 0958928720971094
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author: Kowalewska, Helen and Vitali, Agnese
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author-email: Helen.Kowalewska@spi.ox.ac.uk
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author_list:
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- family: Kowalewska
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given: Helen
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- family: Vitali
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given: Agnese
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1177/0958928720971094
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earlyaccessdate: DEC 2020
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eissn: 1461-7269
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files: []
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issn: 0958-9287
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journal: JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY
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keywords: 'female breadwinners; Luxembourg Income Study; gender; breadwinning;
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earnings; household employment; male-breadwinner model; work\&\#8211;
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family arrangements; women\&\#8217; s employment'
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keywords-plus: 'WORK; GENDER; MODEL; LABOR; POLICIES; WOMEN; MOTHERHOOD; RECESSION;
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PATTERNS; COUPLES'
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language: English
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month: MAY
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number: '2'
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number-of-cited-references: '44'
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orcid-numbers: Vitali, Agnese/0000-0003-0029-9447
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pages: 125-142
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papis_id: 485a410e9ede1e65381688fa25abb48a
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ref: Kowalewska2021breadwinningbreadlin
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times-cited: '16'
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title: Breadwinning or on the breadline? Female breadwinners' economic characteristics
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across 20 welfare states
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000599245200001
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usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
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usage-count-since-2013: '8'
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volume: '31'
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web-of-science-categories: Public Administration; Social Issues
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year: '2021'
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