wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/7eec301f39b4cf532a16176ce0802675-valiente-palma-lidi/info.yaml

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abstract: 'Rationale and current interest in topic
Rural areas in Andalusia present clear disadvantages as compared to
urban areas, such as lack of infrastructure, scarcity of basic services
or lack of economic dynamics, causing a rural exodus and thus giving
rise to territorial imbalances in the region. This rural exodus, in
turn, has a limiting influence on the generation of economic dynamics,
resulting in an increasingly ageing population and reducing
opportunities for territorial development.
In the face of this problem, cooperatives -societies of the social
economy- may play a significant role in terms of their capacity for
attaching a population to its territory, due to the existence of a
relationship with the surroundings in which they operate, as
demonstrated by the available literature on this topic
(Garcia-Gutierrez, 1999; Buendia and Garcia, 2003; Coque, 2005; Mozas
and Bernal, 2006; Cunat and Coll, 2007; Puentes and Velasco, 2009; Calvo
and Gonzalez, 2011; Demoustier, 2011; Draperi, 2014; Guzman, Santos and
Barroso, 2016; Perez and Valiente, 2017).
Moreover, there is significant cooperativism in this region (with 19\%
of cooperatives and 18\% of the employment these generate nationwide
located in Andalusia) as well as consolidated institutional recognition
of these organisations (as evinced by the laws which regulate them, as
well as by the Pactos Andaluces por la Economia Social {[}Andalusia
Agreements for the Social Economy] or by the various support programs
for cooperative organisations).This represents an opportunity for the
creation of economic dynamics and for attaching the population to its
territory through the promotion of social economy societies.
Objectives
The main objective of this work consists in determining whether
cooperative societies in Andalusia may be contributing to the
maintenance of the region''s population, especially in rural areas, to a
greater extent than mercantile businesses.
In addition to confirming whether this occurs throughout the entire
population, we have separated out the populations of women and young
people, due to the difficulties currently faced by these groups in
joining the labour market (the main reason for emigration, especially in
rural areas) and to their strategic interest in terms of consolidating
the region''s population, passing the inter-generational torch in local
economic activities.
A comparison of cooperative societies with mercantile businesses is
carried out in order to lay the foundations for the establishment of
strategies and policies for the specific promotion of cooperativism, in
the event that the behaviour seen in these social economy organisations
differs from that of mercantile businesses.
Methodology
In working towards the stated objective, and after an exploratory
analysis of the variables used, spatial econometrics techniques were
applied which take into account the location of the data in a given
geographic space for the variables under study: spatial distribution and
autocorrelation analysis graph-sand the application of spatial
regression. Calculation of the models was carried out with GeoDa
software.
With respect to the variables used, these were the following: percentage
of total emigration, percentage of emigration of young people and
percentage of emigration of women were considered as dependent, proxy
variables for the attachment of population to territory; the number of
cooperatives out of the total number of businesses was established, as
well as the number of mercantile businesses (public limited companies
and limited liability companies) out of the total number of businesses,
expressed as percentages, served as explanatory variables. These
variables were obtained for the various Andalusian municipalities (a
total of 770) for 2015. In addition, for the purpose of determining
whether differences exist in emigration between rural and non-rural
municipalities, a dummy variable was added, termed rural municipality or
territory.
Results, practical conclusions and research limitations
The results obtained provide indications that cooperativism may be
contributing to an attachment of the population to its territory (as
compared to mercantile businesses, where a significant relationship was
not seen), since the regression analyses demonstrated that the variable
for percentage of cooperative societies is significant in explaining the
variability seen in emigration. Moreover, both show an inverse
relationship. The same was obtained when the said dependent variables
used were percentage of emigration of women and young people. In other
words, the proportion of cooperatives inversely influence these
emigration rates, which is not the case for mercantile businesses.
Based on the aforementioned and given that, on the one hand,
difficulties in attaching a population to its territory are further
complicated in rural Andalusian municipalities, especially for women and
young people and, on the other hand, cooperativism inversely influences
emigration from rural municipalities, the creation of quality,
sustainable employment through cooperatives societies of social economy-
may represent an opportunity for reducing problems of depopulation in
these areas.
Another result obtained is that the cooperative business culture may be
spread to neighbouring regions to a lesser extent than that of the
conventional business sector. If cooperativism can contribute to an
attachment of population to territory, the application of specific
policies and strategies for reducing emigration from rural areas
-promoting the development of cooperative societies for the creation of
quality, sustainable employment and thus spreading cooperative culture
to a greater extent-becomes at once a challenge and an opportunity for
Andalusia. From another perspective, business synergies between
cooperativism and conventional businesses may be encouraged, making the
most of the opportunity offered by the latter for spreading their
culture to neighbouring regions to a greater degree than cooperativism.
In this way, spreading the principles and values of cooperativism in the
Andalusian region can be achieved at the same time as contributing to an
attachment of population to territory, through a potential business
inter-cooperation.
Among the conclusions drawn, one also finds the need to carry out
specific strategies and policies for promoting cooperativism in
Andalusia, derived from results showing more heterogeneous behaviour in
the region than seen in the conventional business sector.
With regard to the limitations of this work, it should be noted that, in
the first place, the analysis carried out is static in nature, based on
specific moment in time (the year 2015), which represents a limitation
for analysing the evolutionary dynamic followed by both cooperatives
societies and emigration in Andalusia. In the second place, percentage
of emigration was taken as a proxy or indicative variable, with respect
to the difficulty in attaching a population to its territory. However,
the presence of other factors must be taken into account: it may be that
the percentage of emigration is low or null as a result of considerable
ageing in the population, such that depopulation or difficulty in
attaching population to territory would be caused, rather, by a lack of
demographic growth.
This work has established a number of future lines of research stemming
in part from the very limitations indicated above, among which are the
analysis of the evolutionary dynamic between cooperativism and
emigration for the purpose of identifying the relationship these have
followed over time; as well as consideration of other factors indicating
capacity for attaching population to territory, such as the previously
mentioned rate of demographic growth.'
affiliation: 'Palma, LV (Corresponding Author), Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
Valiente Palma, Lidia, Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.'
author: Valiente Palma, Lidia
author-email: lidia.valiente@uca.es
author_list:
- family: Valiente Palma
given: Lidia
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.7203/CIRIEC-E.97.13046
eissn: 1989-6816
files: []
issn: 0213-8093
journal: CIRIEC-ESPANA REVISTA DE ECONOMIA PUBLICA SOCIAL Y COOPERATIVA
keywords: 'Andalusia; cooperative societies; territory; emigration; spatial
regression'
language: Spanish
month: NOV
number-of-cited-references: '36'
orcid-numbers: Valiente-Palma, Lidia/0000-0002-6054-3790
pages: 49-74
papis_id: 53b2ade41fd7f83eabe6fe24d5748176
ref: Valientepalma2019iscooperativism
researcherid-numbers: Valiente-Palma, Lidia/GQZ-1271-2022
times-cited: '11'
title: Is cooperativism helping to keep the population in Andalusia?
2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
type: article
2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
unique-id: WOS:000503419400002
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '16'
volume: '97'
web-of-science-categories: Economics
year: '2019'