wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/58334aa5cef29b87f54c4282dc592f3e-zambrano-karla/info.yaml

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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
abstract: 'Since the end of the 18th century, the burning and use of hydrocarbons
has been the main source of energy used by mankind to achieve more
developed societies, ignoring -at first - the high cost of natural
resources involved. The use of this type of non-renewable energy has
caused serious imbalances in the atmosphere and, in turn, a great impact
on all the Earth''s ecosystems, since any type of alteration in the
atmosphere causes, as a consequence, further transformations in the rest
of The conclusions reached by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) are the results of more than 30 years of research
dedicated to the study of the climate system and its alterations. It is
not, therefore, a diffuse and banal reflection to be downplayed, quite
the contrary, as it recreates the present and future scenario to which
legal science must respond. Science, as usual, often leads the way in
international rule-making and standard-setting processes, and has been
decisive on climate change: there is an urgent need for a drastic
reduction in the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that human
activities release into the atmosphere. Indeed, even if the Paris
Agreement targets are met, resilience or adaptation and climate
stability will be some of the greatest challenges facing humanity. There
is now a clear scientific consensus on the unequivocal attribution of
climate change to human activities. However, the impacts of climate
variability are biased and the crosscutting issues that surround them,
such as inequity and the vulnerability of multiple groups, such as women
and children, are often displaced in the face of the severe damage
already being done to the Earth''s oceans, atmosphere, ice and biosphere,
rapidly and pervasively. The greenhouse effect is an inherently
discriminatory phenomenon because it affects systemically, unequally and
disproportionately not only people belonging to a certain group, but
also constitutes an emerging, progressive and increasingly frequent and
intense damage to societies and nations that have not reached their
maximum levels of development, or that lack the measures or the
technology to adapt to climate variability. The purpose of this article
is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to identify the direct consequences
of anthropogenic global warming on women and children, interweaving the
scientific basis with legal science, which will allow us to
contextualize the current state of the situation in an objective manner;
on the other hand, it aims to define the position of the international
community on both issues, from a critical point of view, a human
rights-based approach, and with a special reference to the European
jurisdictional progress, which could contribute to enhance the
international climate cooperation. This also includes legal proposals
based on the principles of equal treatment and opportunities between
women and men, and intergenerational equity, the empowerment of citizens
to receive quality environmental education, the participation and
integration of both women and new generations in political decisions on
issues that affect them, and their inclusion in the discussion and
analysis of the impact of the climate emergency based on scientific
knowledge. This research is based on the axis of different theoretical
frameworks, and seeks both to establish connections between different
areas of knowledge and to provide an international legal response to the
problem of global warming for women and children through the analysis of
international law and its implementation.
In addition, this study is based on the principle of scientific evidence
that underpins the work of the IPCC and, more specifically, will build
on the efforts of Working Group II (WGII) of the Sixth Assessment Report
(AR6) on impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation. In the international
legal sphere, this paper aims to link two areas of international law as
major references: international human rights law and the legal framework
regulating climate change in the international forum. With regard to the
structure of this article, we will find an introduction to the state of
the question, followed by the theoretical-methodological aspects that
are intertwined in this research: the interweaving of postcolonial
feminist theory, scientific knowledge and legal argumentation. The
second section of this study aims to contextualize the impacts of
climate change on ecosystems and the most vulnerable groups, with
references to the contributions of Working Groups I and II of the IPCC
Sixth Assessment Report and other scientific studies that support the
position of the vulnerability of women and children to the adverse
effects of climate change. Within the second section, the IPCC has
concluded that countries are already experiencing increasing impacts
such as biodiversity loss, extreme weather events, land degradation,
desertification and deforestation, sand and dust storms, persistent
drought, sea level rise, coastal erosion, ocean acidification and
mountain glacier retreat, causing severe disruption to societies,
economies, employment, agricultural, industrial and commercial systems,
global trade, supply chains and travel. It has also reported thata there
has been a devastating impact on sustainable development, including
poverty eradication and livelihoods, threatening food security and
nutrition and water accessibility. Furthermore, a sub-section has been
created that will detail some of the impacts of climate change
specifically on women and children. In this sense, it is evident that
women''s reproductive rights are affected, there is an increase in
vector-borne diseases with discriminatory tendencies based on gender,
the manifestation of socio-economic inequalities linked to climate
change, marginalisation, and the lack of capacity of children to adapt
to climate change. The third section is devoted to providing a legal
overview of the doctrine''s position on the matter and the cases
currently being heard in some courts where the plaintiffs are women and
minors. This section highlights the impossibility of ignoring both the
feminist approach and the intergenerational equity approach. It is also
pointed out that in the elaboration of climate policies, it is not
enough to draw up a list of insufficient and empty climate policies to
comply with international commitments, since when it comes to demanding
the jurisdictional protection of human rights in the context of the
climate crisis, there are a series of complications rooted in the
evidentiary capacity that governs any judicial procedure. The
conclusions section contains both a synthesis of the different sections
of this article, as well as a series of legally and socially viable
proposals that contribute to the knowledge of climate change, its
different impacts, policies for prevention and adaptation to the risks
of extreme meteorological phenomena and, if necessary, keys that
reinforce the path towards climate litigation.'
affiliation: 'Zambrano, K (Corresponding Author), Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Zambrano, Karla, Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain.'
author: Zambrano, Karla
author-email: karla.zambrano@uv.es
author_list:
- family: Zambrano
given: Karla
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2023.53.002
files: []
issn: 1699-3950
journal: RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES-MADRID
keywords: 'Human rights; women''s rights; climate change; feminism; children''s
rights'
language: English
month: JUN-SEP
number: '53'
number-of-cited-references: '38'
pages: 31-48
papis_id: e8268ee18fd7a4006f2046ee295e3e60
ref: Zambrano2023climatecrisis
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Climate crisis, women and children: between vulnerability and the urgent protection
of their rights. Glimpses from the European continent'
2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
type: article
2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
unique-id: WOS:001026444500003
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '3'
web-of-science-categories: International Relations
year: '2023'