wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/23df0c6e8e8f10c3089f3f6bac51accb-ruhm-christopher-j./info.yaml

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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
abstract: 'The struggle to balance work responsibilities with family obligations
may be most difficult for working parents of the youngest children,
those five and under. Any policy changes designed to ease the
difficulties for these families are likely to be controversial,
requiring a careful effort to weigh both the costs and benefits of
possible interventions while respecting diverse and at times conflicting
American values. In this article, Christopher Ruhm looks at two
potential interventions-parental leave and early childhood education and
care (ECEC)-comparing differences in policies in the United States,
Canada, and several European nations and assessing their consequences
for important parent and child outcomes.
By and large, Canadian and European policies are more generous than
those in the United States, with most women eligible for paid maternity
leave, which in a few countries can last for three years or more. Many
of these countries also provide for paid leave that can be used by
either the mother or the father. And in many European countries ECEC
programs are nearly universal after the child reaches a certain age. In
the United States, parental leave, if it is available, is usually short
and unpaid, and ECEC is generally regarded as a private responsibility
of parents, although some federal programs help defray costs of care and
preschool education.
Ruhm notes that research on the effects of differences in policies is
not completely conclusive, in part because of the difficulty of
isolating consequences of leave and ECEC policies from other influences
on employment and children''s outcomes. But, he says, the comparative
evidence does suggest desirable directions for future policy in the
United States. Policies establishing rights to short parental leaves
increase time at home with infants and slightly improve the job
continuity of mothers, with small, but positive, long-run consequences
for mothers and children. Therefore, Ruhm indicates that moderate
extensions of existing U. S. leave entitlements (up to several months in
duration) make sense. He also suggests that some form of paid leave
would facilitate its use, particularly among less advantaged parents,
and that efforts to improve the quality of ECEC, while maintaining or
enhancing affordability, are desirable.'
affiliation: 'Ruhm, CJ (Corresponding Author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
22903 USA.
Ruhm, Christopher J., Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
Ruhm, Christopher J., Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.'
author: Ruhm, Christopher J.
author_list:
- family: Ruhm
given: Christopher J.
da: '2023-09-28'
eissn: 1550-1558
files: []
issn: 1054-8289
journal: FUTURE OF CHILDREN
keywords-plus: 'MATERNITY LEAVE LEGISLATION; CAREER INTERRUPTIONS; AFFECT FERTILITY;
FAMILY POLICY; UNITED-STATES; EMPLOYMENT; MOTHERS; HEALTH; IMPACT; GAP'
language: English
month: FAL
number: '2'
number-of-cited-references: '109'
pages: 37-68
papis_id: 152a82a55629301500d6a8fa2005bb97
ref: Ruhm2011policiesassist
times-cited: '44'
title: Policies to Assist Parents with Young Children
2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
type: article
2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
unique-id: WOS:000296020800003
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '70'
volume: '21'
web-of-science-categories: 'Family Studies; Health Policy \& Services; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary'
year: '2011'