wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/171c2214df73e49c399a148daf5dacef-allard-jenna-and-ja/info.yaml

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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
abstract: 'Background India''s abrupt nationwide Covid-19 lockdown internally
displaced millions of migrant workers, who returned to distant rural
homes. Documenting their labour market reintegration is a critical
aspect of understanding the economic costs of the pandemic for India''s
poor. In a country marked by low and declining female labour force
participation, identifying gender gaps in labour market reintegration -
as a marker of both women''s vulnerability at times of crisis and
setbacks in women''s agency - is especially important. Yet most studies
of pandemic -displaced internal migrants in India are small, rely on
highly selected convenience samples, and lack a gender focus. Methods
Beginning in April 2020 we enrolled roughly 4,600 displaced migrants who
had, during the lockdown, returned to two of India''s poorest states into
a cohort observational study which tracked enrolees through July 2021.
Survey respondents were randomly selected from the states'' official
databases of return migrants, with sampling stratified by state and
gender. 85\% of enrolees (3950) were working prior to the pandemic. Our
difference-in-means analysis uses three survey waves conducted in July
to August 2020, January to March 2021, and June to July 2021. Our
analysis focuses on a balanced panel of 1780 previously working enrolees
(the 45\% of respondents present in the first wave that also
participated in the subsequent two survey rounds). Primary outcomes of
interest include labour market re-entry, earnings, and measures of
vulnerability by gender. Findings Before the March 2020 national
lockdown, 98\% (95\% CI {[}97,99]) of workers were employed in the
non-agricultural sector. In July 2020, one month after the end of the
lockdown, incomes plummet, with both genders earning roughly 17\% of
their pre-pandemic incomes. 47\% (95\% CI {[}45,49]) were employed in
agriculture and 37\% (95\% CI {[}35,39]) were unemployed. Remigration is
critical to regaining income - by January 2021, male re-migrants report
earnings on par with their pre-pandemic incomes, while men remaining in
rural areas earn only 23\% (95\% CI {[}19,27]) of their pre-pandemic
income. Remigration benefits women to a lesser extent - female
re-migrants regain no more than 65\% (95\% CI {[}57,73]) of their
pre-pandemic income at any point. Yet men and women struggle to
remigrate throughout - by July 2021, no more than 63\% (95\% CI
{[}60,66]) of men and 55\% (95\% CI {[}51,59]) of women had left their
home villages since returning. Gender gaps in income recovery largely
reflect higher rates of unemployment among women, both among those
remaining in rural areas (9 percentage points (95\% CI {[}6,13]) higher
than men across waves) and among those who remigrate (13 percentage
points (95\% CI {[}9,17]) higher than men across waves). As a result, we
observe gender gaps in well-being: relative to male counterparts, women
across waves were 7 percentage points (95\% CI {[}4,10]) more likely to
report reduced consumption of essential goods and fared 6 percentage
points (95\% CI {[}4,7]) worse on a food insecurity index.
Interpretation Displaced migrants of both genders experienced persistent
hardships for over a year after the initial pandemic lockdown. Women
fare worse, driven by both lower rates of remigration and lower rates of
labour market re-entry both inside and outside home villages. Some women
drop out of the labour force entirely, but most unem-ployed report
seeking or being available to work. In short, pandemic-induced labour
market displacement has far-reaching, long-term consequences for migrant
workers, especially women.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.'
affiliation: 'Allard, J (Corresponding Author), Yale Univ, MacMillan Ctr, Inclus Econ,
34 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
Allard, Jenna; Moore, Charity Troyer, Yale Univ, MacMillan Ctr, Inclus Econ, 34
Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
Jagnani, Maulik, Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Econ, 1380 Lawrence St, Denver, CO 80204
USA.
Neggers, Yusuf, Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, 735 S State St, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Pande, Rohini, Yale Univ, Dept Econ \& Econ Growth Ctr, 27 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven,
CT 06511 USA.
Schaner, Simone, Univ Southern Calif, Ctr Econ \& Social Res, 635 Downey Way, Los
Angeles, CA 90089 USA.'
article-number: '101631'
author: Allard, Jenna and Jagnani, Maulik and Neggers, Yusuf and Pande, Rohini and
Schaner, Simone and Moore, Charity Troyer
author-email: jennifer.allard@yale.edu
author_list:
- family: Allard
given: Jenna
- family: Jagnani
given: Maulik
- family: Neggers
given: Yusuf
- family: Pande
given: Rohini
- family: Schaner
given: Simone
- family: Moore
given: Charity Troyer
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101631
earlyaccessdate: SEP 2022
eissn: 2589-5370
files: []
journal: ECLINICALMEDICINE
keywords: 'Domestic migrants; Covid-19 pandemic; panel; India; labour markets; food
insecurity'
keywords-plus: MIGRATION; AGE; MARRIAGE; LOCKDOWN
language: English
month: NOV
number-of-cited-references: '52'
orcid-numbers: Schaner, Simone/0000-0001-5722-4265
papis_id: 2eed8bf1c1336b0ae1b23d15fe26aec1
ref: Allard2022indianfemale
times-cited: '2'
title: 'Indian female migrants face greater barriers to post-Covid recovery than males:
Evidence from a panel study'
2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
type: article
2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
unique-id: WOS:000860448700002
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '8'
volume: '53'
web-of-science-categories: Medicine, General \& Internal
year: '2022'