wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/518a6972b74e3c01e116648618f04ba8-mayfield-erin-n.-an/info.yaml

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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
abstract: 'A fundamental societal concern in energy system transitions is the
distribution of benefits and costs across populations. A recent
transition, the US shale gas boom, has dramatically altered the domestic
energy outlook and global markets; however, the social equity
implications have not been meaningfully assessed and accounted for in
public and private decision making. In this study, we develop and
demonstrate a systematic approach to quantify the multi-dimensional
equity state of an energy system, with a focus on the shale gas boom in
the Appalachian basin. We tailor variants of standard equity metrics as
well as develop new empirical and analytical methods and metrics to
assess spatial, temporal, income, and racial equity as it relates to air
quality, climate change, and labor market impacts across the natural gas
supply chain. We find moderate to high spatial inequities with respect
to the distribution of production (Gini coefficient (y) = 0.93),
consumption for electric power generation (77 = 0.68), commercial,
industrial, and residential end use (77 = 0.72), job creation (77 =
0.72), and air pollution-related deaths (77 = 0.77), which are largely
driven by geographicallyfixed natural gas abundance and demand. Air
quality impacts are also regressive, such that mortality risk induced by
natural gas activity generally increases as income decreases; for
example, mortality risk (m) (in units of premature mortality per 100 000
people) for the lowest income class (<\$15 000; m = 0.22 in 2016) is
higher (18\%-31\%) than for the highest income class (>\$150 000; m =
0.27 in 2016). These risks are higher for white (m = 0.30 in 2016) than
non-white (m = 0.16 in 2016) populations, which is largely a result of
the demographics of rural communities within the vicinity of natural gas
development. With respect to local labor market impacts within producing
counties, we find marginal declines in income inequality (2.8\% 1.0\%)
and poverty rates (9.9\% 1.7\%) during the boom, although household
income increases for the wealthiest and decreases for the poorest. At a
systems-level, there is an implied air quality-employment tradeoff of 3
(<1 to 7) job-years created per life-year lost; this tradeoff varies
spatially (-1100 to 4400 life-years lost minus job-years created),
wherein the job benefit outweighs the air quality costs in most
producing counties whereas in all other counties the reverse is true. We
also observe temporal inequities, with air quality and employment
impacts following the boom-and-bust cycle, while climate impacts are
largely borne by future generations. Cross-impact elasticities (c),
which measure the sensitivity between different types of impacts, reveal
that employment increases are sensitive to and coupled with increases in
air and climate impacts (c = 1.1 and c = 1.3, respectively). The metrics
applied here facilitate the evaluation and design of countervailing
policies and systems that explicitly account for social inequities
mediated through energy infrastructure, supply, and demand. For example,
in future energy system transition, such equity metrics can be used to
facilitate decisions related to the siting oflow-carbon infrastructure
such as transmission lines and wind turbines and the phase -out of
fossil fuel infrastructure, as well as to demonstrate changes in
distributional tradeoffs such as the decoupling of environmental and
employment effects.'
affiliation: 'Robinson, AL (Corresponding Author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh,
PA 15213 USA.
Mayfield, Erin N., Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
Cohon, Jared L.; Muller, Nicholas Z.; Robinson, Allen L., Carnegie Mellon Univ,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Azevedo, Ines M. L., Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.'
article-number: '124072'
author: Mayfield, Erin N. and Cohon, Jared L. and Muller, Nicholas Z. and Azevedo,
Ines M. L. and Robinson, Allen L.
author-email: alr@andrew.cmu.edu
author_list:
- family: Mayfield
given: Erin N.
- family: Cohon
given: Jared L.
- family: Muller
given: Nicholas Z.
- family: Azevedo
given: Ines M. L.
- family: Robinson
given: Allen L.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab59cd
files: []
issn: 1748-9326
journal: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
keywords: 'energy systems; natural gas; equity; air quality; climate change; labor
markets'
keywords-plus: 'FOSSIL-FUEL; MARCELLUS; JUSTICE; IMPACTS; EMPLOYMENT; EMISSIONS; INCOME;
RISKS'
language: English
month: DEC
number: '12'
number-of-cited-references: '39'
orcid-numbers: 'Robinson, Allen L/0000-0002-1819-083X
Azevedo, José Manuel Neto/0000-0003-2573-1371
Azevedo, Ines/0000-0002-4755-8656
Muller, Nicholas/0000-0003-1712-6526
Mayfield, Erin/0000-0001-9843-8905'
papis_id: 7103e8304d2d393639495496910fe3da
ref: Mayfield2019quantifyingsocial
researcherid-numbers: 'Azevedo, Inês/HNQ-6690-2023
Robinson, Allen L/M-3046-2014
Azevedo, José Manuel Neto/C-1504-2010
'
times-cited: '8'
title: 'Quantifying the social equity state of an energy system: environmental and
labor market equity of the shale gas boom in Appalachia'
2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
type: article
2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
unique-id: WOS:000514833200047
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '18'
volume: '14'
web-of-science-categories: Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences
year: '2019'