2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'BackgroundFirearm violence is a public health problem that disparately
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impacts areas of economic and social deprivation. Despite a growing
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literature on neighborhood characteristics and injury, few studies have
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examined the association between neighborhood disadvantage and fatal and
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nonfatal firearm assault using data on injury location. We conducted an
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ecological Bayesian spatial analysis examining neighborhood disadvantage
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as a social determinant of firearm injury in Seattle,
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Washington.MethodsNeighborhood disadvantage was measured using the
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National Neighborhood Data Archive disadvantage index. The index
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includes proportion of female-headed households with children,
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proportion of households with public assistance income, proportion of
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people with income below poverty in the past 12months, and proportion of
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the civilian labor force aged 16 and older that are unemployed at the
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census tract level. Firearm injury counts included individuals with a
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documented assault-related gunshot wound identified from medical records
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and supplemented with the Gun Violence Archive between March 20, 2016
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and December 31, 2018. Available addresses were geocoded to identify
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their point locations and then aggregated to the census tract level.
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Besag-York-Mollie (BYM2) Bayesian Poisson models were fit to the data to
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estimate the association between the index of neighborhood disadvantage
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and firearm injury count with a population offset within each census
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tract.ResultsNeighborhood disadvantage was significantly associated with
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the count of firearm injury in both non-spatial and spatial models. For
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two census tracts that differed by 1 decile of neighborhood
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disadvantage, the number of firearm injuries was higher by 21.0\% (95\%
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credible interval: 10.5, 32.8\%) in the group with higher neighborhood
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disadvantage. After accounting for spatial structure, there was still
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considerable residual spatial dependence with 53.3\% (95\% credible
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interval: 17.0, 87.3\%) of the model variance being spatial.
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Additionally, we observed census tracts with higher disadvantage and
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lower count of firearm injury in communities with proximity to
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employment opportunities and targeted redevelopment, suggesting other
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contextual protective factors.ConclusionsEven after adjusting for
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socioeconomic factors, firearm injury research should investigate
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spatial clustering as independence cannot be able to be assumed. Future
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research should continue to examine potential contextual and
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environmental neighborhood determinants that could impact firearm
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injuries in urban communities.'
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affiliation: 'Dalve, K (Corresponding Author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept
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Epidemiol, Hans Rosling Ctr Populat Hlth, 3980 15th Ave NE,Box 351619, Seattle,
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WA 98195 USA.
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Dalve, K (Corresponding Author), Univ Washington, Firearm Injury \& Policy Res Program,
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Harborview Injury Prevent Res Ctr, 325 Ninth Ave,Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
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Dalve, Kimberly; Gause, Emma; Mills, Brianna; Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali, Univ Washington,
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Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Hans Rosling Ctr Populat Hlth, 3980 15th Ave NE,Box
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351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
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Dalve, Kimberly; Gause, Emma; Mills, Brianna; Rivara, Frederick P.; Rowhani-Rahbar,
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Ali, Univ Washington, Firearm Injury \& Policy Res Program, Harborview Injury Prevent
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Res Ctr, 325 Ninth Ave,Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
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Floyd, Anthony S., Univ Washington, Alcohol \& Drug Abuse Inst, 1107 NE 45th St,Suite
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120,Box 354805, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.'
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article-number: '10'
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author: Dalve, Kimberly and Gause, Emma and Mills, Brianna and Floyd, Anthony S. and
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Rivara, Frederick P. and Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali
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author-email: kdalve@uw.edu
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author_list:
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- family: Dalve
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given: Kimberly
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- family: Gause
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given: Emma
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- family: Mills
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given: Brianna
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- family: Floyd
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given: Anthony S.
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- family: Rivara
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given: Frederick P.
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- family: Rowhani-Rahbar
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given: Ali
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1186/s40621-021-00304-2
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eissn: 2197-1714
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files: []
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journal: INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY
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keywords: Firearm violence; Neighborhood disadvantage; Injury epidemiology
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keywords-plus: VIOLENT CRIME; US; TRACT; RATES; CITY
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language: English
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month: MAR 8
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number: '1'
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number-of-cited-references: '42'
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orcid-numbers: 'Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali/0000-0002-2705-4485
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Dalve, Kimberly/0000-0001-5289-4091'
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papis_id: 1ab7e3c462559b1b10bcaeceb24f08b8
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ref: Dalve2021neighborhooddisadvan
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times-cited: '14'
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title: 'Neighborhood disadvantage and firearm injury: does shooting location matter?'
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000677638100001
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usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
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usage-count-since-2013: '6'
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volume: '8'
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web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
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year: '2021'
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