wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/a486403a5f8a95f164f72b0c4e1cf32d-nomura-kyoko-and-ya/info.yaml

abstract: 'Objectives: To investigate the difficulties Japanese female doctors face

  in continuing professional practice.

  Design: A qualitative study using the Kawakita Jiro method.

  Setting: A survey conducted in 2011 of 13 private Japanese medical

  school alumni associations.

  Participants: 359 female doctors.

  Primary outcome measures: Barriers of balancing work and gender role.

  Results: The female doctors reported that professional practice was a

  struggle with long working hours due to a current shortage of doctors in

  Japan. There was also a severe shortage of childcare facilities in the

  workplace. Some women appeared to have low confidence in balancing the

  physician''s job and personal life, resulting in low levels of

  professional pursuit. There appeared to be two types of stereotypical

  gender roles, including one expected from society, stating that ``child

  rearing is a woman''s job{''''}, and the other perceived by the women

  themselves, that some women had a very strong desire to raise their own

  children. Male doctors and some female doctors who were single or older

  were perceived to be less enthusiastic about supporting women who worked

  while raising children because these coworkers feared that they would

  have to perform additional work as a result of the women taking long

  periods of leave.

  Conclusions: Important factors identified for promoting the continuation

  of professional practice among female doctors in Japan were the need to

  improve working conditions, including cutting back on long working

  hours, a solution to the shortage of nurseries, a need for the

  introduction of educational interventions to clarify professional

  responsibilities, and redefinition of the gender division of labour for

  male and female doctors. In addition, we identified a need to modernise

  current employment practices by introducing temporary posts to cover

  maternity leave and introducing flexible working hours during specialist

  training, thus supporting and encouraging more women to continue their

  medical careers.'
affiliation: 'Nomura, K (Corresponding Author), Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hyg \&
  Publ Hlth, Tokyo 173, Japan.

  Nomura, Kyoko, Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hyg \& Publ Hlth, Tokyo 173, Japan.

  Yamazaki, Yuka, Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo 113, Japan.

  Gruppen, Larry D., Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.

  Horie, Saki; Takeuchi, Masumi, Support Ctr Women Phys \& Researchers, Dept Teikyo,
  Tokyo, Japan.

  Illing, Jan, Univ Durham, Sch Med Pharm \& Hlth, Dept Ctr Med Educ Res, Durham,
  England.'
article-number: e005845
author: Nomura, Kyoko and Yamazaki, Yuka and Gruppen, Larry D. and Horie, Saki and
  Takeuchi, Masumi and Illing, Jan
author-email: kyoko@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
author_list:
- family: Nomura
  given: Kyoko
- family: Yamazaki
  given: Yuka
- family: Gruppen
  given: Larry D.
- family: Horie
  given: Saki
- family: Takeuchi
  given: Masumi
- family: Illing
  given: Jan
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005845
files: []
issn: 2044-6055
journal: BMJ OPEN
keywords-plus: GENDER; WOMEN; PHYSICIANS; CONFIDENCE; OBSTACLES; WORK; TIME
language: English
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '22'
orcid-numbers: Illing, Jan/0000-0001-6218-9775
papis_id: c4946ad49553d9c9ea74a2626d771495
ref: Nomura2015difficultyprofession
times-cited: '41'
title: 'The difficulty of professional continuation among female doctors in Japan:
  a qualitative study of alumnae of 13 medical schools in Japan'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000363458200007
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '10'
volume: '5'
web-of-science-categories: Medicine, General \& Internal
year: '2015'