2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'Objectives
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Prior research has repeatedly shown that parenthood affects employment
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outcomes; mothers have, on average, lower wages and are less likely to
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be hired than childless women. Some research indicates that this effect
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of parenthood on employment outcomes is dependent on sexual orientation.
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In particular, lesbian mothers might be treated more like childless
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women by those making employment decisions. This article examines the
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degree to which the lesbian wage advantage can be explained by lesbians
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avoiding the motherhood wage penalty experienced by heterosexual women.
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Methods
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Drawing on 2000 U.S. Census data, this issue is first explored via
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ordinary least squares regression equations that estimate the effect of
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having a child present in the household on income. The Blinder-Oaxaca
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method is then employed to decompose the earnings differential between
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heterosexual and gay individuals.
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Results
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Results indicate that lesbians appear to experience a motherhood
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advantage that increases their wages by approximately 20 percent.
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Further, results support the notion that lesbians receive different
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returns to the presence of children in the household than do
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heterosexual women. Approximately 35 percent of the wage differential
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between lesbians and heterosexual women is attributable to differences
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in returns to child rearing.
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Conclusion
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These findings have relevance for state and federal anti-discrimination
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laws and work/family policies, as they provide further insight into the
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role that gender, and gender-based assumptions, play in determining
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employment outcomes.'
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affiliation: 'Baumle, AK (Corresponding Author), Univ Houston, Dept Sociol, 450 Philip
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Hoffman Hall, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
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Baumle, Amanda K., Univ Houston, Dept Sociol, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
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Baumle, Amanda K., Univ Calif Los Angeles, Williams Inst, Sch Law, Los Angeles,
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CA 90024 USA.'
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author: Baumle, Amanda K.
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author-email: akbaumle@uh.edu
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author_list:
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- family: Baumle
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given: Amanda K.
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00673.x
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files: []
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issn: 0038-4941
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journal: SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY
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keywords-plus: WAGE PENALTY; DISCRIMINATION; EARNINGS; MOTHERHOOD; GAY; JOB
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language: English
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month: DEC
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number: '4'
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number-of-cited-references: '40'
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pages: 983-1002
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papis_id: 414ee7e25803e834dafee3542a94f005
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ref: Baumle2009costparenthood
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times-cited: '25'
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title: 'The Cost of Parenthood: Unraveling the Effects of Sexual Orientation and Gender
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on Income'
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000270832500012
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usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
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usage-count-since-2013: '11'
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volume: '90'
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web-of-science-categories: Political Science; Sociology
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year: '2009'
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