2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'An accepted framework for `gendering'' the analysis of welfare regimes
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compares countries by degrees of `defamilialization'' or how far their
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family policies support or undermine women''s employment participation.
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This article develops an alternative framework that explicitly
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spotlights women''s labour market outcomes rather than policies. Using
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hierarchical clustering on principal components, it groups 24
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industrialized countries by their simultaneous performance across
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multiple gendered employment outcomes spanning segregation and
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inequalities in employment participation, intensity, and pay, with
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further differences by class. The three core `worlds'' of welfare
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(social-democratic, corporatist, liberal) each displays a distinctive
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pattern of gendered employment outcomes. Only France diverges from
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expectations, as large gender pay gaps across the educational divide -
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likely due to fragmented wage-bargaining - place it with Anglophone
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countries. Nevertheless, the outcome-based clustering fails to support
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the idea of a homogeneous Mediterranean grouping or a singular Eastern
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European cluster. Furthermore, results underscore the complexity and
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idiosyncrasy of gender inequality: while certain groups of countries are
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`better'' overall performers, all have their flaws. Even the Nordics fall
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behind on some measures of segregation, despite narrow participatory and
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pay gaps for lower- and high-skilled groups. Accordingly, separately
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monitoring multiple measures of gender inequality, rather than relying
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on `headline'' indicators or gender equality indices, matters.'
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affiliation: 'Kowalewska, H (Corresponding Author), Univ Bath, Dept Social \& Policy
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Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, England.
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Kowalewska, Helen, Univ Bath, Dept Social \& Policy Sci, Bath, England.
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Kowalewska, Helen, Univ Bath, Dept Social \& Policy Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, England.'
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author: Kowalewska, Helen
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author-email: hk775@bath.ac.uk
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author_list:
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- family: Kowalewska
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given: Helen
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1177/09589287221148336
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earlyaccessdate: JAN 2023
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eissn: 1461-7269
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files: []
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issn: 0958-9287
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journal: JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY
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keywords: 'Cluster analysis; comparative family policy; comparative social policy;
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defamilialization; gender inequality; gendered trade-offs; welfare state
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outcomes; welfare state paradox; welfare state typologies; women''s
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employment'
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keywords-plus: 'FAMILY POLICY REGIMES; WELFARE-STATE REGIMES; CHILD-CARE; OCCUPATIONAL
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SEGREGATION; PAY GAP; WORK; EQUALITY; INEQUALITY; VARIETIES; FAMILIALISM'
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language: English
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month: MAY
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number: '2'
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number-of-cited-references: '94'
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pages: 151-168
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papis_id: 96230b4375ff472f74289095d41d6302
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ref: Kowalewska2023genderedemployment
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times-cited: '0'
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title: 'Gendered employment patterns: Women''s labour market outcomes across 24 countries'
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000918368000001
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usage-count-last-180-days: '7'
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usage-count-since-2013: '13'
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volume: '33'
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web-of-science-categories: Public Administration; Social Issues
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year: '2023'
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