wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/5fe8b8d8a97a7e38d4c6d4fbd5ed4eea-gabriel-brida-juan/info.yaml

abstract: 'This paper analyses the determinants of flows of domestic tourism in

  Uruguay in the context of an extended gravity model during the period

  2010-2012. This analysis is done at a disaggregated level, considering

  the bilateral flows between two regions (department) of the country, one

  as source of tourism and the other as the destination. Gravity models

  suggest that tourist flows depend positively on the size of each region

  (department in Uruguay) and negatively on the distance between them. The

  extended version includes explanatory variables to characterize the

  supply and demand for domestic tourism.

  Three models are estimated, one for each year, which allows to compare

  and to estimate the robustness of the results. The methodology of

  estimating applied (following Santos, Silva and Teynero 2006)) was

  Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood with cross-section data which has been

  proven, is one of the most appropriate for estimating gravity models.

  Domestic tourist flows are represented from the number of trips from one

  region (department) to another, for the 19 departments of the country

  within a calendar year.

  Results obtained in this paper constitute a first contribution to the

  analysis of the determinants of domestic tourist movements, and provides

  potentially valuable information for decision-making of public and

  private sectors (planning strategies, policy, marketing, communication).

  The study shows that tourist flows depend positively on the size of

  population of each department and negatively of the distance that

  separates them. This result is in line with the general gravity models

  and also with the results recently found in another countries (Galvez,

  Muro and Such, 2014; Massida and Etzo, 2012; Marrocu and Pacci, 2013).

  The regions (departments) with higher income and the capital of the

  country (Montevideo) are the main sources of domestic tourists. The

  research also shows that the departments that share a border have

  greater tourist flows between each other. In addition, departments with

  ocean coasts or good quality accommodation have a significant

  comparative advantage over the others.

  On the demand side, income earnings of people, as well as being

  determinant of the number of tourists that a department emits, has an

  elasticity greater than unity, showing that domestic tourism behaves as

  a luxury good. It is important to highlight the role that the capital as

  an issuer of tourists. Montevideo is the city where the main terminals

  of public transport are located and begins the national road network,

  allowing direct connection of the city with any department of the

  interior. The results suggest also that strategies of communication and

  promotion of tourism products and destinations, both public and private

  utilities, are oriented towards/from the capital (Montevideo) and the

  regions with higher levels of population and income. In this regard, it

  is important to think of better transport links between the different

  departmental capitals that, although have transport infrastructure

  (terminals and road network), in some cases, do not have direct mobility

  to all departments if no prior connection to Montevideo.

  From the supply-side point of view, the Atlantic Ocean beaches are the

  main comparative advantage of the departments as a tourist destination.

  This is the reason that explains the fact that the departments of

  Maldonado and Rocha concentrate much of the tourism of sun and beach

  during the summer months. One of the unexpected results of this work was

  the negative impact on incoming tourism flows of the departments that

  have coasts on the Rio de la Plata. This result is closely related to

  the concentration of domestic tourism in the summer season where the

  preferences of tourists are sun and beach, and the quality of water and

  sand is better on the Atlantic coast.

  Additionally, it was found that the existence of good quality

  accommodation (3-5 stars) causes a differential effect on the decision

  about which department tourists choose to vacation. Controlled by the

  other factors, the existence of differential lodging has a positive and

  differential effect on the inflow of tourists.

  Finally, there is a negative effect on domestic tourism flows if

  departments share border with Argentina. In these regions, the border

  effect is clearly unfavourable. Therefore, in these cases should be

  maximized efforts to improve the competitiveness of services, from the

  quality of services provided and tourism products offered.

  In more general terms, the results show the rationality of that

  communication strategies and promotion of tourism products and

  destinations, are geared towards Montevideo and the departments with

  major population and income per capita. It is also important to address

  these efforts to neighbours departments, as empirical evidence shows a

  positive relationship between tourist flows and the fact that

  departments share administrative boundaries.

  In terms of the policy implications of these results, it would be

  interesting to think of departmental or regional agreements for the

  creation of a network of promotion, where the adjoining departments can

  benefit from the implementation of joint tourist promotion strategies.

  Finally, thinking of an efficient marketing, this work provides relevant

  information on the system components of internal tourism in Uruguay: the

  peculiarities of the source market of tourists in the country and also

  provides information on the competitive position of destinations. Taking

  into account these information would help to attract and retain domestic

  tourists.

  Thinking in extensions of this work, a first one that emerges is the

  incorporation of the information for the years 2013 onwards (not

  available at the date of preparation of this paper). For example,

  extending the information a couple of years would enable applying other

  estimation techniques (pool cross section and panel data) that would

  enrich the analysis. In turn, it would make it possible to analyse the

  robustness of the results obtained by applying alternative estimation

  methods (Models Zero Inflated, etc.) and to explore a better way to

  capture the effect of the (not significant as these results)

  multilateral resistance.

  Moreover, the desegregation of analysis between tourist flows

  corresponding to regular trips, no regular trips and excursions, could

  yield to relevant results for public policy. Regular trips have

  different characteristics than the other (more associated with vacation

  travel) and it is important to considering them separately.

  Finally, another possible variant of this study is to consider a

  different regional disaggregation, for example using the regionalization

  criteria defined by the Ministry of Tourism and Sports, grouping them in

  six tourist areas (Montevideo, Southeast, Central, South west, Coast,

  North).'
affiliation: 'Brida, JG (Corresponding Author), Univ Republ Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.

  Gabriel Brida, Juan; Noel Gonzalez, Maria; Lanzilotta, Bibiana, Univ Republ Uruguay,
  Montevideo, Uruguay.'
author: Gabriel Brida, Juan and Noel Gonzalez, Maria and Lanzilotta, Bibiana
author_list:
- family: Gabriel Brida
  given: Juan
- family: Noel Gonzalez
  given: Maria
- family: Lanzilotta
  given: Bibiana
da: '2023-09-28'
files: []
issn: 0213-7585
journal: REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS REGIONALES
keywords: 'Domestic tourism; Gravity model; Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood;

  Uruguay; Tourism economics'
keywords-plus: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM; GRAVITY
language: Spanish
month: JAN-APR
number: '108'
number-of-cited-references: '28'
orcid-numbers: 'Brida, Juan Gabriel/0000-0002-2319-5790

  Lanzilotta, Bibiana/0000-0001-6590-7277'
pages: 43-78
papis_id: 99b686339eb463a81e12cffd757d1d9f
ref: Gabrielbrida2017analysisdeterminants
researcherid-numbers: 'Mernies, Bibiana Lanzilotta/AAB-3946-2022

  Lanzilotta, Bibiana/HKN-4417-2023

  Brida, Juan Gabriel/H-3727-2015

  '
times-cited: '0'
title: Analysis of the Determinants of Domestic Tourism in Uruguay
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000424550200002
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '14'
web-of-science-categories: Environmental Studies
year: '2017'