wow-inequalities/02-data/intermediate/wos_sample/5594131969ae317ccb1931b6afba1add-haveman-robert-and/info.yaml

abstract: 'We present a 50-year historical perspective of the nation''s antipoverty

  efforts, describing the evolution of policy during four key periods

  since 1965. Over this half-century, the initial heavy reliance on cash

  income support to poor families has eroded; increases in public support

  came largely in the form of in-kind (e.g., Food Stamps) and tax-related

  (e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit) benefits. Work support and the

  supplementation of earnings substituted for direct support. These shifts

  eroded the safety net for the most disadvantaged in American society.

  Three poverty-related analytical developments are also described. The

  rise of the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)taking account of noncash

  and tax-related benefitshas corrected some of the serious weaknesses of

  the official poverty measure (OPM). The SPM measure indicates that the

  poverty rate has declined over time, rather than being essentially flat

  as the OPM implies. We also present snapshots of the composition of the

  poor population in the United States using both the OPM and the SPM,

  showing progress in reducing poverty overall and among specific

  socioeconomic subgroups since the beginning of the War on Poverty.

  Finally, we document the expenditure levels of numerous antipoverty

  programs that have accompanied the several phases of poverty policy and

  describe the effect of these efforts on the level of poverty. Although

  the effectiveness of government antipoverty transfers is debated, our

  findings indicate that the growth of antipoverty policies has reduced

  the overall level of poverty, with substantial reductions among the

  elderly, disabled, and blacks. However, the poverty rates for children,

  especially those living in single-parent families, and families headed

  by a low-skill, low-education person, have increased. Rates of deep

  poverty (families living with less than one-half of the poverty line)

  for the nonelderly population have not decreased, reflecting both the

  increasing labor market difficulties faced by the low-skill population

  and the tilt of means-tested benefits away from the poorest of the poor.'
author: Haveman, Robert and Blank, Rebecca and Moffitt, Robert and Smeeding, Timothy
  and Wallace, Geoffrey
author_list:
- family: Haveman
  given: Robert
- family: Blank
  given: Rebecca
- family: Moffitt
  given: Robert
- family: Smeeding
  given: Timothy
- family: Wallace
  given: Geoffrey
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1002/pam.21846
eissn: 1520-6688
files: []
issn: 0276-8739
journal: JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
keywords-plus: 'INCOME-TAX CREDIT; WHITE WAGE INEQUALITY; UNITED-STATES;

  PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; TRANSFER PROGRAMS;

  MINIMUM-WAGE; WELFARE; EMPLOYMENT; WORK'
language: English
month: SUM
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '145'
pages: 593-638
papis_id: 68713e0bf0d5ced9415ad9c362b04066
ref: Haveman2015warpoverty
times-cited: '58'
title: 'THE WAR ON POVERTY: MEASUREMENT, TRENDS, AND POLICY'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000356005100008
usage-count-last-180-days: '4'
usage-count-since-2013: '110'
volume: '34'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Public Administration
year: '2015'