2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'In today''s labor market, the majority of individuals experience a lapse
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in employment at some point in their careers, most commonly due to
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unemployment from job loss or leaving work to care for family or
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children. Existing scholarship has studied how unemployment affects
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subsequent career outcomes, but the consequences of temporarily opting
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out of work to care for family are relatively unknown. In this article,
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I ask: how do opt out parents fare when they re-enter the labor market?
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I argue that opting out signals a violation of ideal worker norms to
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employersnorms that expect employees to be highly dedicated to workand
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that this signal is distinct from two other types of resume signals:
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signals produced by unemployment due to job loss and the signal of
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motherhood or fatherhood. Using an original survey experiment and a
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large-scale audit study, I test the relative strength of these three
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resume signals. I find that mothers and fathers who temporarily opted
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out of work to care for family fared significantly worse in terms of
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hiring prospects, relative to applicants who experienced unemployment
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due to job loss and compared to continuously employed mothers and
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fathers. I examine variation in these signals'' effects across local
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labor markets, and I find that within competitive markets, penalties
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emerged for continuously employed mothers and became even greater for
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opt out fathers. This research provides a causal test of the micro- and
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macro-level demand-side processes that disadvantage parents who leave
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work to care for family. This is important because when opt out
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applicants are prevented from re-entering the labor market, employers
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reinforce standards that exclude parents from full participation in
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work.'
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affiliation: 'Weisshaar, K (Corresponding Author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill,
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Dept Sociol, 155 Hamilton Hall,CB 3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
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Weisshaar, Katherine, Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Sociol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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USA.
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Weisshaar, Katherine, Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel
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Hill, NC 27599 USA.'
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author: Weisshaar, Katherine
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author-email: weisshaar@unc.edu
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author_list:
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- family: Weisshaar
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given: Katherine
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1177/0003122417752355
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eissn: 1939-8271
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files: []
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issn: 0003-1224
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journal: AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW
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keywords: opting out; family; work; gender; parenthood
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keywords-plus: 'UNITED-STATES; IDEAL WORKER; FIELD EXPERIMENT; PROFESSIONAL WOMENS;
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FLEXIBILITY STIGMA; MOTHERHOOD PENALTY; WAGE PENALTY; UNEMPLOYMENT; JOB;
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GENDER'
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language: English
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month: FEB
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number: '1'
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number-of-cited-references: '73'
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orcid-numbers: Weisshaar, Katherine/0000-0001-5029-9643
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pages: 34-60
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papis_id: 6dab386128655faa08c156b99c386b75
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ref: Weisshaar2018optblocked
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times-cited: '82'
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title: 'From Opt Out to Blocked Out: The Challenges for Labor Market Re-entry after
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Family-Related Employment Lapses'
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000423323600002
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usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
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usage-count-since-2013: '69'
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volume: '83'
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web-of-science-categories: Sociology
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year: '2018'
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