2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'Aim
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Long-term care systems may alleviate caregiver burdens, particularly for
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those with fewer resources. However, it remains unclear whether
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socioeconomic disparity in caregiver burdens exists under a public,
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universal long-term care insurance (LTCI) system. This study examined
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income-based inequalities in caregiving time and depressive symptoms in
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Japanese older family caregivers. We further compared inequality in
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depressive symptoms with that of non-caregivers to evaluate whether
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family caregiving exacerbates this disparity.
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Methods
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Data were obtained from a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted
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by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2013. Participants were
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functionally independent older adults aged >= 65 years (N=21,584).
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Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatrics Depression Scale
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(GDS); caregiving hours per week, household income, and other covariates
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were also assessed.
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Results
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Family caregivers occupied 8.3\% of the total. A Poisson regression
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model revealed that caregivers in lower income groups (compared to those
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in the highest) were 1.32 to 1.95 and 1.63 to 2.68 times more likely to
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engage in >= 36 and >= 72 hours/week of caregiving, respectively. As for
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the GDS (>= 5), an excess risk was found in the caregivers in lower
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(compared to higher) income groups (adjusted prevalence ratio:
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1.57-3.10). However, an interaction effect of income by caregiving role
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indicated no significant difference in inequality between caregivers and
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non-caregivers (p = .603). The excess risk for GDS (>= 5) in the
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caregivers compared to non-caregivers was observed across income groups.
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Conclusions
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Our findings revealed a possible disparity in family caregivers under
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the public LTCI system. Further studies should examine factors
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associated with longer caregiving hours in lower income households. Our
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findings also suggest the necessity for more efforts to alleviate
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depressive symptoms in family caregivers under the LTCI system
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regardless of income level, rather than exclusively supporting those
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with a low income.'
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affiliation: 'Saito, T (Corresponding Author), Natl Ctr Geriatr \& Gerontol, Dept
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Social Sci, Obu, Japan.
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Saito, Tami; Murata, Chiyoe, Natl Ctr Geriatr \& Gerontol, Dept Social Sci, Obu,
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Japan.
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Kondo, Naoki; Shiba, Koichiro, Univ Tokyo, Dept Hlth \& Social Behav, Sch Publ Hlth,
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Tokyo, Japan.
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Shiba, Koichiro, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social \& Behav Sci, Boston,
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MA USA.
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Kondo, Katsunori, Chiba Univ, Ctr Prevent Med Sci, Chiba, Japan.
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Kondo, Katsunori, Natl Ctr Geriatr \& Gerontol, Dept Gerontol Evaluat, Obu, Japan.'
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article-number: e0194919
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author: Saito, Tami and Kondo, Naoki and Shiba, Koichiro and Murata, Chiyoe and Kondo,
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Katsunori
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author-email: t-saito@ncgg.go.jp
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author_list:
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- family: Saito
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given: Tami
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- family: Kondo
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given: Naoki
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- family: Shiba
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given: Koichiro
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- family: Murata
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given: Chiyoe
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- family: Kondo
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given: Katsunori
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194919
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files: []
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issn: 1932-6203
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journal: PLOS ONE
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keywords-plus: 'INFORMAL CARE; BURDEN; HEALTH; DEMENTIA; SCALE; INTERVENTIONS;
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PREDICTORS; DISABILITY; PEOPLE; WORK'
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language: English
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month: MAR 28
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number: '3'
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number-of-cited-references: '45'
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orcid-numbers: 'Kondo, Naoki/0000-0002-6425-6844
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Kondo, Naoki/0000-0002-6425-6844
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Shiba, Koichiro/0000-0001-7956-6485'
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papis_id: 631f4a98828aee4e9fa30cb35e67c35d
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ref: Saito2018incomebasedinequalit
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researcherid-numbers: 'Kondo, Naoki/ABC-5865-2020
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Kondo, Naoki/K-3898-2012
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Kondo, Katsunori/AAI-6373-2020
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'
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times-cited: '22'
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title: 'Income-based inequalities in caregiving time and depressive symptoms among
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older family caregivers under the Japanese long-term care insurance system: A cross-sectional
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analysis'
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000428603100089
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usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
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usage-count-since-2013: '14'
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volume: '13'
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web-of-science-categories: Multidisciplinary Sciences
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year: '2018'
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