2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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abstract: 'Non-technical summary
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The distribution of household carbon footprints is largely unequal
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within and across countries. Here, we explore household-level
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consumption data to illustrate the distribution of carbon footprints and
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consumption within 26 European Union countries, regions and social
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groups. The analysis further sheds light on the relationships between
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carbon footprints and socially desirable outcomes such as income,
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equality, education, nutrition, sanitation, employment and adequate
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living conditions.
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Technical summary
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We need a good understanding of household carbon distributions in order
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to design equitable carbon policy. In this work, we analyse
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household-level consumer expenditure from 26 European Union (EU)
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countries and link it with greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities from the
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multiregional input-output database EXIOBASE. We show carbon footprint
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distributions and elasticities by country, region and socio-economic
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group in the context of per capita climate targets. The top 10\% of the
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population with the highest carbon footprints per capita account for
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27\% of the EU carbon footprint, a higher contribution to that of the
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bottom 50\% of the population. The top 1\% of EU households have a
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carbon footprint of 55 tCO(2)eq/cap. The most significant contribution
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is from air and land transport, with 41\% and 21\% among the top 1\% of
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EU households. Air transport has a rising elasticity coefficient across
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EU expenditure quintiles, making it the most elastic, unequal and
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carbon-intensive consumption category in this study. Only 5\% of EU
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households live within climate targets, with carbon footprints below 2.5
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tCO(2)eq/cap. Our analysis points to the possibility of mitigating
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climate change while achieving various well-being outcomes. Further
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attention is needed to limit trade-offs between climate change
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mitigation and socially desirable outcomes.
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Social media summary
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EU top 1\% of households emit 22 times the per capita climate targets.
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Only 5\% of EU households live within the targets.'
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affiliation: 'Ivanova, D (Corresponding Author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth \& Environm,
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Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
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Ivanova, D (Corresponding Author), Norwegian Univ Sci \& Technol, Ind Ecol Programme,
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Trondheim, Norway.
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Ivanova, Diana, Univ Leeds, Sch Earth \& Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
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Ivanova, Diana; Wood, Richard, Norwegian Univ Sci \& Technol, Ind Ecol Programme,
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Trondheim, Norway.'
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article-number: e18
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author: Ivanova, Diana and Wood, Richard
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author-email: d.ivanova@leeds.ac.uk
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author_list:
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- family: Ivanova
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given: Diana
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- family: Wood
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given: Richard
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1017/sus.2020.12
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eissn: 2059-4798
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files: []
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journal: GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY
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keywords: 'adaptation and mitigation; ecology and biodiversity; energy; human
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behaviour; policies; politics and governance'
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keywords-plus: 'CLIMATE POLICY; CO2 EMISSIONS; CONSUMPTION; ENERGY; MITIGATION; IMPACTS;
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EXPENDITURE; INEQUALITY; TRANSPORT; POVERTY'
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language: English
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number-of-cited-references: '62'
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orcid-numbers: Wood, Richard/0000-0002-7906-3324
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papis_id: 0c63a75531ec5e79591ae28d6fca7ed8
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ref: Ivanova2020unequaldistribution
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researcherid-numbers: Wood, Richard/E-4111-2015
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times-cited: '58'
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title: The unequal distribution of household carbon footprints in Europe and its link
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to sustainability
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2023-10-01 08:15:07 +00:00
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type: article
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2023-09-28 14:46:10 +00:00
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unique-id: WOS:000769813600018
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usage-count-last-180-days: '10'
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usage-count-since-2013: '17'
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volume: '3'
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web-of-science-categories: 'Green \& Sustainable Science \& Technology; Environmental
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Sciences;
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Environmental Studies'
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year: '2020'
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