107 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
107 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
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abstract: 'Objective: Parental leave and breastfeeding breaks influence the ability
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to initiate and continue breastfeeding. We investigated how eligibility
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criteria in the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and Affordable Care
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Act (ACA) affect access to unpaid parental leave and breastfeeding
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breaks and assessed affordability and alternative policy models.
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Methods: We used family income data to assess the affordability of
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unpaid leave by race and ethnicity. We used 2017-2018 US Current
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Population Survey data to determine the percentage of private sector
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workers aged 18-44 years who met the minimum hour (1250 hours of work
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during a 12-month period), tenure (12 months), and firm size (>= 50
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employees) requirements of FMLA and ACA. We analyzed eligibility by
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gender, race and ethnicity, and age. We also examined parental leave and
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breastfeeding break policies in 193 countries. Results: Most Latinx
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(66.9\%), Black (60.2\%), and White (55.3\%) workers were ineligible
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and/or unlikely to be able to afford to take unpaid FMLA leave. Of 69
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534 workers, more women (16.9\%) than men (10.3\%) did not meet the
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minimum hour requirement. Minimum tenure excluded 23.7\% of all workers
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and 42.2\% of women aged 18-24 years. Minimum firm size excluded 30.3\%
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of all workers and 37.7\% of Latinx workers. Of 27 520 women, 28.8\%
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(including 32.9\% of Latina women) were excluded from ACA breastfeeding
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breaks because of firm size. Nearly all other countries guaranteed
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mothers paid leave regardless of firm size or minimum hours and
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guaranteed >= 6 months of paid leave or breastfeeding breaks.
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Conclusions: Adopting a comprehensive, inclusive paid parental leave
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policy and closing gaps in breastfeeding break legislation would remove
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work-related barriers to breastfeeding; reduce racial, ethnic, and
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gender inequities; and align US national policies with global norms.'
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affiliation: 'Sprague, A (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, WORLD Policy
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Anal Ctr, 621 Charles Young Dr S,2213-LSB, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
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Sprague, Aleta; Earle, Alison; Moreno, Gonzalo; Raub, Amy; Waisath, Willetta; Heymann,
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Jody, Univ Calif Los Angeles, WORLD Policy Anal Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA.
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Heymann, Jody, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Luskin Sch Publ Affairs,
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Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA.
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Sprague, Aleta, Univ Calif Los Angeles, WORLD Policy Anal Ctr, 621 Charles Young
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Dr S,2213-LSB, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.'
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author: Sprague, Aleta and Earle, Alison and Moreno, Gonzalo and Raub, Amy and Waisath,
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Willetta and Heymann, Jody
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author-email: asprague@ph.ucla.edu
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author_list:
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- family: Sprague
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given: Aleta
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- family: Earle
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given: Alison
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- family: Moreno
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given: Gonzalo
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- family: Raub
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given: Amy
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- family: Waisath
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given: Willetta
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- family: Heymann
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given: Jody
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1177/00333549231151661
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earlyaccessdate: FEB 2023
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eissn: 1468-2877
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files: []
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issn: 0033-3549
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journal: PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
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keywords: 'breastfeeding; paid leave; infant health; racial and ethnic
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inequalities; gender inequalities'
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keywords-plus: MATERNITY LEAVE; WORKING MOTHERS; DURATION; RISK; RETURN
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language: English
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month: 2023 FEB 3
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number-of-cited-references: '40'
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orcid-numbers: Heymann, Jody/0000-0003-0008-4198
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papis_id: d6561d1abc249a50bba1fbb6697fddfd
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ref: Sprague2023nationalpolicies
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times-cited: '0'
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title: 'National Policies on Parental Leave and Breastfeeding Breaks: Racial, Ethnic,
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Gender, and Age Disparities in Access and Implications for Infant and Child Health'
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type: Article; Early Access
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unique-id: WOS:000925187700001
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usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
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usage-count-since-2013: '4'
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web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
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year: '2023'
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