150 lines
4.8 KiB
YAML
150 lines
4.8 KiB
YAML
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abstract: 'Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in the
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effects of gender equality legislation on employment outcomes among
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female and male workers in industries with different intensity of
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foreign investment (namely, foreign direct investment (FDI)-intensive
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industries and non-FDI-intensive industries). The specific employment
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outcomes that were studied to compare the effects of the legislation are
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the working hours, employment opportunities, and wages of female and
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male workers in Taiwan.
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Design/methodology/approach - Using data from the annual Manpower
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Utilization Survey, the authors applied a
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differences-in-differences-in-differences estimation method to test the
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effect of gender equality legislation on employment outcomes. By using
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multinomial logit, the authors measured the effect of the legislation on
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employment opportunities. To correct for simultaneity and selectivity
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problems/biases, the authors adopted Heckman two-stage selection
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procedures. Likewise, the authors used weighted least squares to solve
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heteroskedasticity in the wage and working hour equations. Further, the
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instrumental variable (IV) method was used to correct for simultaneity
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bias in the equation on working hour. The authors applied three stages
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estimation method following Killingsworth''s (1983) approach to measure
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the effect of the legislation on wages and working hours.
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Findings - The authors found the restrictions enforced by the gender
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equality legislation (namely the Gender Equal Employment Act (GEEA),
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enacted in 2002) in Taiwan to have made certain impact on the workers''
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working conditions in FDI-intensive industries. The major finding
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indicated that in a country like Taiwan, where the legislature tried
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tilling the perpetual gender gap in its labour market, by passing a law
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to counter inequality, could finally narrow the gender gap in wages
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among workers in the FDI-intensive industries. Although initially after
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the enactment of the GEEA (between 2002 and 2004), the gender gap in
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part-timers'' wages has widened, yet over a period of time the gap in
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their wages too has narrowed down, particularly during 2005-2006. The
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legislation, however, could not improve the job opportunities for
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full-time female workers'' in FDI-intensive industries. Besides, post
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2002, the female workers were found to have worked for shorter hours
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than male workers, which according to us, could be largely attributed to
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the enforcement of the GEEA.
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Practical implications - An in-depth analysis of the labour market
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effects of gender equality legislation should be useful to policymakers,
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especially those interested in understanding the impact of legislative
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measures and policy reforms on labour market and employment outcomes
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across industry types. If enforcement of a gender equality legislation
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has succeeded in reducing the gender gap more in one set of industries
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than the others (e.g. foreign owned instead of domestic industries), as
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the authors noticed in this study, then the same should have a bearing
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on revamping of future enactment and enforcement too.
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Originality/value - Current study findings would not only provide the
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broad lessons to the policymakers in Taiwan, but the results that have
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emerged from a country case study could be referred by other growing
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economies who are enthusiastic about improving female workers'' working
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conditions through legislative reforms.'
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affiliation: 'Lai, YC (Corresponding Author), Shih Chien Univ, Dept Finance, Kaohsiung,
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Taiwan.
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Lai, Yu-Cheng, Shih Chien Univ, Dept Finance, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Sarkar, Santanu, XLRI Xavier Sch Management, Dept Human Resources Management, Jamshedpur,
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Bihar, India.'
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author: Lai, Yu-Cheng and Sarkar, Santanu
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author-email: br00846@yahoo.com
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author_list:
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- family: Lai
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given: Yu-Cheng
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- family: Sarkar
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given: Santanu
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1108/IJM-08-2015-0133
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eissn: 1758-6577
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files: []
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issn: 0143-7720
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journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANPOWER
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keywords: FDI; Gender equality; Gender gap; Labour market outcomes
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keywords-plus: WAGES; WORK
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language: English
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number: '2'
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number-of-cited-references: '24'
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orcid-numbers: 'Sarkar, Santanu/0000-0002-1463-2258
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Sarkar, Santanu/0000-0002-1463-2258
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, ./0000-0002-1463-2258'
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pages: 160-179
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papis_id: d3112b080c57c77a9490c48a5585ed65
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ref: Lai2017genderequality
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researcherid-numbers: 'Sarkar, Santanu/AAR-8982-2020
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Sarkar, Santanu/Q-9170-2019
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, ./ABA-6247-2021'
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times-cited: '5'
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title: Gender equality legislation and foreign direct investment Evidence from the
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labour market of Taiwan ROC
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type: Article
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unique-id: WOS:000401027000003
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usage-count-last-180-days: '4'
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usage-count-since-2013: '21'
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volume: '38'
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web-of-science-categories: Industrial Relations \& Labor; Management
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year: '2017'
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