Update notes Uganda

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Marty Oehme 2022-08-17 13:38:35 +02:00
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@ -11,3 +11,15 @@ The project in Uganda aims to improve access to drinking water of 550,000 people
## Literature
### [ ] Brunori2018 - equality of opportunity and consumption dynamics
* compares growth processes to their distributional implications through opportunity egalitarianism perspective
* results:
* individual ex ante and ex post versions quite consistent in showing growth has not been opportunity-progressive
* ex post: requires equal outcome for equal effort (generally more accepted in theoretical lit)
* ex ante: requires equal set of opportunities for all individuals (generally more used in applied research since easier computation)
* type (ethnicity, origin) and class (quantile) evaluations are more divergent
* difficult to establish any trends, high level of uncertainty
* seems in ex post version class some progressive redistribution takes place

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* results:
* of 282 health care facilities, 94% had improved sources (but some no improved source, some no source on the premises)
### [ ] Naiga2018 - community-based water management
* looks at relevant design principles in creating successful collective self-managed water management institutions, at Isingiro vs Sheema district
* results:
* difference in water infrastructure management effectiveness primarily down to existence/absence of organizational characteristics prescribed in design principles
* Isingiro: absence of conditions prescribed by design principles due confronted with lack of sufficient self-governance arrangements:
* unclear social boundaries
* missing collective-choice arrangements
* lack of sanctions or conflict resolution mechanisms
* Isingiro: should be regarded as 'vicious circle of institutional failures'
### [ ] Twongyirwe2019 - Perceived Food insecurity
* looks at perception of drought and food insecurity in Isingiro district
* questionnaire for farmers in Isingiro district whose livelihood is predominantly dependent on crop production
* results:
* 68.6% of HHs perceive food insecurity as problem
* those not seeing it as problem had higher off-farm incomes and larger farm sizes
* 'implies productive assets (e.g. land) can be easily translated into productive activies for higher income [...] while off-farm income could provide more choices in terms of food access' [9]
* access to credit for crops *increased* food security status awareness
* more likely to use credit as buffer against food insecurity
* drought widely perceived as problem contributing to food insecurity (95.6%)
* HHs believe most at-risk of drought-induced food insecurity
* 13% reported to be 'doing nothing' to respond to drought effects
### [ ] Nagasha2019 - effect of droughts on gender roles
* looks at effect of climate change (more sever droughts) on gender roles around Lake Mburo National Park (Isingiro, Kiruhura districts)
* results:
* men and women's gender roles altered during extreme dryness
* men played roles sequentially focusing on one single reproductive role
* women played roles simultaneously
* often forced to engage children in work activities to balance own workload
* Isingiro: female children more engaged with chores than male children
* in Kiruhura district migration in search of water & pasture livestick, further distorting roles
* Isingiro: men became more actively engaged in firewood collection (62.8%) and fetching water (45.9%)
* women's exclusion from land ownership brings them further in state of dependence, thus more vulnerable to climate change effects
### [ ] Sempewo2021
* looks at changes in water suuply use (quantity) in Ugandan HHs (due to COVID-19)
@ -49,7 +87,7 @@
* associated HH characteristics age, sex, education, main occupation of HH head, household size, region of residence
* results can be used for equitable water supply during emergencies
### [ ] Atamanov2022 - see poverty for main part
### [x] Atamanov2022 - see poverty for main part
* water access
* general access to improved drinking water 87% urban, 74% rural (19/20);

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### [ ] Cali2014 - trade increase and wage inequality
results:
* analyzes district-level disaggregation of exposure to trade boom in 1990s to find districts that were more exposed had 2.8% lower wage premiums relative to less-exposed districts
* so, overall premiums rose but less so for trade-exposed districts
* intensification of *domestic* trade and increase in average education were associated with increased wage premiums
* thus, less additional inequality due to opening trade markets, but more due to increased domestic trade and increasing education differences
### [ ] Datzberger2018 - education does not reach poor
* looks at education sector through opposition of assimilative/transformative approaches:
* Uganda education sector focuses strongly on assimilation-based agenda:
* increased access to education and retention
* improved quality of education
* employment generation through education
* little impact of assimilative approaches
* assimilative = change at grassroots level, through educating society at large
* highly dependent on transformative approaches: systemic level, government institutions at local,national,global levels
* explanations:
* assimilative approach = mainstream approach of human capital building at individual level
* transformative approach = deeper change of oppressive structures to liberate individuals toward self-expression (political, social, etc)
### [ ] WorldBank2022 - Learning poverty measure
* looks at Learning Poverty Indicator formed of 'Schooling Deprived' (out-of-school) children and 'Learning Deprived' (below minimum proficiency) children
* results:
* 82% of children in Uganda at late primary age not proficient in reading (adjusted for out-of-school children) (Learning Poverty)
* 81% of children do not achieve minimum proficiency level in reading at end of primary school (Learning Deprivation)
* 4% of primary school-aged children not enrolled in school (Schooling Deprivation)
* does not disaggregate rural/location-based, can not disaggregate gender (missing data in Uganda, except schooling deprivation 5.8%boys, 2.9%girls) etc.

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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ In 2019, access to improved sources of drinking water in the country is at a lev
Health care facilities in rural areas are generally well connected to improved sources with 94% of facilities having access to public stand posts, protected spring technology, deep boreholes and some to rain harvesting tanks, gravity flow schemes or groundwater-based pumped piped water supplies [@Mulogo2018].
Households, on the other hand are generally less well connected.
<!-- Isingiro province -->
<!-- Isingiro district -->
--here goes Naiga2015 Isingiro numbers--
and Mulogo2018 - isingiro?