1.7 KiB
1.7 KiB
Missing
- informal/formal switches and stats
[ ] vandeWalle2004
results:
- looks at causes of poverty and incidence and participation in rural off-farm activities (1993-1998)
- some common causative factors, education, region of residence
- however generally processes determining both are not the same
- participation in rural non-farm market economy allows some route out of poverty but certainly not all
[ ] McCaig2013
results:
- analyzing structural economic changes 1990-2008
- structural changes account for 1/3rd of labor productivity growth (which was ~5.1% per year)
- move from agriculture toward services and manufacturing, from household businesses to firms in enterprise sector, reallocation of workers from state-owned to private domestic and foreign owned firms
- especially manufacturing grew (8->14% of workforce)
primary determinants: changes in trade policy, expansion of employment in foreign owned firms, declining role of state owned enterprises
[ ] McCaig2014
results:
- effects of US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (positive export shock), due to large US tariff reductions on Vietnamese exports
- increased 5% share of manufacturing workers
- slightly increased gap of labor productivity
[ ] McCaig2015
results:
- effects of economic changes to workforce transitions informal -> formal
- younger workers, esp migrants, more likely to work in formal sector and stay in it
- decline in aggregate share in informal employment bc of changes between and within birth cohorts
- younger, educated, male, urban workers more likely to switch than others
- little educated, older, female, rural workers least likely to switch
- formalization coincides with occupational upgrading