100 lines
3.2 KiB
YAML
100 lines
3.2 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'We present a 50-year historical perspective of the nation''s antipoverty
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efforts, describing the evolution of policy during four key periods
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since 1965. Over this half-century, the initial heavy reliance on cash
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income support to poor families has eroded; increases in public support
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came largely in the form of in-kind (e.g., Food Stamps) and tax-related
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(e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit) benefits. Work support and the
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supplementation of earnings substituted for direct support. These shifts
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eroded the safety net for the most disadvantaged in American society.
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Three poverty-related analytical developments are also described. The
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rise of the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)taking account of noncash
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and tax-related benefitshas corrected some of the serious weaknesses of
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the official poverty measure (OPM). The SPM measure indicates that the
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poverty rate has declined over time, rather than being essentially flat
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as the OPM implies. We also present snapshots of the composition of the
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poor population in the United States using both the OPM and the SPM,
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showing progress in reducing poverty overall and among specific
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socioeconomic subgroups since the beginning of the War on Poverty.
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Finally, we document the expenditure levels of numerous antipoverty
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programs that have accompanied the several phases of poverty policy and
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describe the effect of these efforts on the level of poverty. Although
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the effectiveness of government antipoverty transfers is debated, our
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findings indicate that the growth of antipoverty policies has reduced
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the overall level of poverty, with substantial reductions among the
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elderly, disabled, and blacks. However, the poverty rates for children,
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especially those living in single-parent families, and families headed
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by a low-skill, low-education person, have increased. Rates of deep
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poverty (families living with less than one-half of the poverty line)
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for the nonelderly population have not decreased, reflecting both the
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increasing labor market difficulties faced by the low-skill population
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and the tilt of means-tested benefits away from the poorest of the poor.'
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author: Haveman, Robert and Blank, Rebecca and Moffitt, Robert and Smeeding, Timothy
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and Wallace, Geoffrey
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author_list:
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- family: Haveman
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given: Robert
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- family: Blank
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given: Rebecca
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- family: Moffitt
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given: Robert
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- family: Smeeding
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given: Timothy
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- family: Wallace
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given: Geoffrey
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1002/pam.21846
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eissn: 1520-6688
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files: []
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issn: 0276-8739
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journal: JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
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keywords-plus: 'INCOME-TAX CREDIT; WHITE WAGE INEQUALITY; UNITED-STATES;
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PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; TRANSFER PROGRAMS;
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MINIMUM-WAGE; WELFARE; EMPLOYMENT; WORK'
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language: English
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month: SUM
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number: '3'
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number-of-cited-references: '145'
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pages: 593-638
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papis_id: 68713e0bf0d5ced9415ad9c362b04066
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ref: Haveman2015warpoverty
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times-cited: '58'
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title: 'THE WAR ON POVERTY: MEASUREMENT, TRENDS, AND POLICY'
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type: article
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unique-id: WOS:000356005100008
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usage-count-last-180-days: '4'
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usage-count-since-2013: '110'
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volume: '34'
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web-of-science-categories: Economics; Public Administration
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year: '2015'
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