106 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
106 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Objective: Parental leave and breastfeeding breaks influence the ability
|
|
|
|
to initiate and continue breastfeeding. We investigated how eligibility
|
|
|
|
criteria in the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and Affordable Care
|
|
|
|
Act (ACA) affect access to unpaid parental leave and breastfeeding
|
|
|
|
breaks and assessed affordability and alternative policy models.
|
|
|
|
Methods: We used family income data to assess the affordability of
|
|
|
|
unpaid leave by race and ethnicity. We used 2017-2018 US Current
|
|
|
|
Population Survey data to determine the percentage of private sector
|
|
|
|
workers aged 18-44 years who met the minimum hour (1250 hours of work
|
|
|
|
during a 12-month period), tenure (12 months), and firm size (>= 50
|
|
|
|
employees) requirements of FMLA and ACA. We analyzed eligibility by
|
|
|
|
gender, race and ethnicity, and age. We also examined parental leave and
|
|
|
|
breastfeeding break policies in 193 countries. Results: Most Latinx
|
|
|
|
(66.9\%), Black (60.2\%), and White (55.3\%) workers were ineligible
|
|
|
|
and/or unlikely to be able to afford to take unpaid FMLA leave. Of 69
|
|
|
|
534 workers, more women (16.9\%) than men (10.3\%) did not meet the
|
|
|
|
minimum hour requirement. Minimum tenure excluded 23.7\% of all workers
|
|
|
|
and 42.2\% of women aged 18-24 years. Minimum firm size excluded 30.3\%
|
|
|
|
of all workers and 37.7\% of Latinx workers. Of 27 520 women, 28.8\%
|
|
|
|
(including 32.9\% of Latina women) were excluded from ACA breastfeeding
|
|
|
|
breaks because of firm size. Nearly all other countries guaranteed
|
|
|
|
mothers paid leave regardless of firm size or minimum hours and
|
|
|
|
guaranteed >= 6 months of paid leave or breastfeeding breaks.
|
|
|
|
Conclusions: Adopting a comprehensive, inclusive paid parental leave
|
|
|
|
policy and closing gaps in breastfeeding break legislation would remove
|
|
|
|
work-related barriers to breastfeeding; reduce racial, ethnic, and
|
|
|
|
gender inequities; and align US national policies with global norms.'
|
|
affiliation: 'Sprague, A (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, WORLD Policy
|
|
Anal Ctr, 621 Charles Young Dr S,2213-LSB, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
|
|
|
|
Sprague, Aleta; Earle, Alison; Moreno, Gonzalo; Raub, Amy; Waisath, Willetta; Heymann,
|
|
Jody, Univ Calif Los Angeles, WORLD Policy Anal Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA.
|
|
|
|
Heymann, Jody, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Luskin Sch Publ Affairs,
|
|
Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA.
|
|
|
|
Sprague, Aleta, Univ Calif Los Angeles, WORLD Policy Anal Ctr, 621 Charles Young
|
|
Dr S,2213-LSB, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.'
|
|
author: Sprague, Aleta and Earle, Alison and Moreno, Gonzalo and Raub, Amy and Waisath,
|
|
Willetta and Heymann, Jody
|
|
author-email: asprague@ph.ucla.edu
|
|
author_list:
|
|
- family: Sprague
|
|
given: Aleta
|
|
- family: Earle
|
|
given: Alison
|
|
- family: Moreno
|
|
given: Gonzalo
|
|
- family: Raub
|
|
given: Amy
|
|
- family: Waisath
|
|
given: Willetta
|
|
- family: Heymann
|
|
given: Jody
|
|
da: '2023-09-28'
|
|
doi: 10.1177/00333549231151661
|
|
earlyaccessdate: FEB 2023
|
|
eissn: 1468-2877
|
|
files: []
|
|
issn: 0033-3549
|
|
journal: PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
|
|
keywords: 'breastfeeding; paid leave; infant health; racial and ethnic
|
|
|
|
inequalities; gender inequalities'
|
|
keywords-plus: MATERNITY LEAVE; WORKING MOTHERS; DURATION; RISK; RETURN
|
|
language: English
|
|
month: 2023 FEB 3
|
|
number-of-cited-references: '40'
|
|
orcid-numbers: Heymann, Jody/0000-0003-0008-4198
|
|
papis_id: d6561d1abc249a50bba1fbb6697fddfd
|
|
ref: Sprague2023nationalpolicies
|
|
times-cited: '0'
|
|
title: 'National Policies on Parental Leave and Breastfeeding Breaks: Racial, Ethnic,
|
|
Gender, and Age Disparities in Access and Implications for Infant and Child Health'
|
|
type: article
|
|
unique-id: WOS:000925187700001
|
|
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
|
|
usage-count-since-2013: '4'
|
|
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
|
|
year: '2023'
|