168 lines
5 KiB
YAML
168 lines
5 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Social capital-the strength of an individual''s social network and
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community-has been identified as a potential determinant of outcomes
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ranging from education to health(1-8). However, efforts to understand
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what types of social capital matter for these outcomes have been
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hindered by a lack of social network data. Here, in the first of a pair
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of papers(9), we use data on 21 billion friendships from Facebook to
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study social capital. We measure and analyse three types of social
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capital by ZIP (postal) code in the United States: (1) connectedness
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between different types of people, such as those with low versus high
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socioeconomic status (SES); (2) social cohesion, such as the extent of
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cliques in friendship networks; and (3) civic engagement, such as rates
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of volunteering. These measures vary substantially across areas, but are
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not highly correlated with each other. We demonstrate the importance of
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distinguishing these forms of social capital by analysing their
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associations with economic mobility across areas. The share of high-SES
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friends among individuals with low SES-which we term economic
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connectedness-is among the strongest predictors of upward income
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mobility identified to date(10,11). Other social capital measures are
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not strongly associated with economic mobility. If children with low-SES
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parents were to grow up in counties with economic connectedness
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comparable to that of the average child with high-SES parents, their
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incomes in adulthood would increase by 20\% on average. Differences in
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economic connectedness can explain well-known relationships between
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upward income mobility and racial segregation, poverty rates, and
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inequality(12-14). To support further research and policy interventions,
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we publicly release privacy-protected statistics on social capital by
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ZIP code at https://www.socialcapital.org.'
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affiliation: 'Chetty, R (Corresponding Author), Harvard Univ, Dept Econ, Cambridge,
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MA 02138 USA.
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Jackson, MO (Corresponding Author), Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, Stanford, CA 94305
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USA.
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Kuchler, T; Stroebel, J (Corresponding Author), NYU, Stern Sch Business, New York,
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NY 10012 USA.
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Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel, Harvard Univ, Dept Econ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
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Jackson, Matthew O., Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
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Kuchler, Theresa; Stroebel, Johannes; Gong, Sara, NYU, Stern Sch Business, New York,
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NY 10012 USA.
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Fluegge, Robert B.; Gonzalez, Federico; Grondin, Armelle; Jacob, Matthew; Johnston,
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Drew; Koenen, Martin; Mudekereza, Florian; Rutter, Tom; Thor, Nicolaj; Townsend,
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Wilbur; Zhang, Ruby, Harvard Univ, Opportun Insights, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
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Laguna-Muggenburg, Eduardo, Grammarly, San Francisco, CA USA.
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Bailey, Mike; Barbera, Pablo; Bhole, Monica; Wernerfelt, Nils, Meta Platforms, Menlo
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Pk, CA USA.'
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author: Chetty, Raj and Jackson, Matthew O. and Kuchler, Theresa and Stroebel, Johannes
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and Hendren, Nathaniel and Fluegge, Robert B. and Gong, Sara and Gonzalez, Federico
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and Grondin, Armelle and Jacob, Matthew and Johnston, Drew and Koenen, Martin and
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Laguna-Muggenburg, Eduardo and Mudekereza, Florian and Rutter, Tom and Thor, Nicolaj
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and Townsend, Wilbur and Zhang, Ruby and Bailey, Mike and Barbera, Pablo and Bhole,
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Monica and Wernerfelt, Nils
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author-email: 'chetty@fas.harvard.edu
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jacksonm@stanford.edu
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tkuchler@stern.nyu.edu
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johannes.stroebel@nyu.edu'
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author_list:
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- family: Chetty
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given: Raj
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- family: Jackson
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given: Matthew O.
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- family: Kuchler
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given: Theresa
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- family: Stroebel
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given: Johannes
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- family: Hendren
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given: Nathaniel
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- family: Fluegge
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given: Robert B.
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- family: Gong
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given: Sara
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- family: Gonzalez
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given: Federico
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- family: Grondin
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given: Armelle
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- family: Jacob
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given: Matthew
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- family: Johnston
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given: Drew
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- family: Koenen
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given: Martin
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- family: Laguna-Muggenburg
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given: Eduardo
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- family: Mudekereza
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given: Florian
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- family: Rutter
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given: Tom
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- family: Thor
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given: Nicolaj
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- family: Townsend
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given: Wilbur
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- family: Zhang
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given: Ruby
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- family: Bailey
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given: Mike
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- family: Barbera
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given: Pablo
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- family: Bhole
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given: Monica
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- family: Wernerfelt
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given: Nils
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4
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earlyaccessdate: AUG 2022
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eissn: 1476-4687
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esi-highly-cited-paper: Y
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esi-hot-paper: Y
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files: []
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issn: 0028-0836
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journal: NATURE
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keywords-plus: 'LABOR-MARKET OUTCOMES; INCOME INEQUALITY; NETWORK STRUCTURE;
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NEIGHBORHOODS; OPPORTUNITY; DYNAMICS; EXPOSURE; IMPACTS'
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language: English
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month: AUG 4
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number: '7921'
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number-of-cited-references: '88'
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orcid-numbers: 'Jackson, Matthew O./0000-0001-9846-4249
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Jacob, Matthew/0000-0002-3037-7330
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Johnston, Drew/0000-0002-1483-3420'
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pages: 108+
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papis_id: 0d4dfcf8f84ad50e1e9244d90f146b71
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ref: Chetty2022socialcapital
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times-cited: '53'
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title: 'Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility'
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type: article
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unique-id: WOS:000834747600001
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usage-count-last-180-days: '35'
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usage-count-since-2013: '100'
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volume: '608'
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web-of-science-categories: Multidisciplinary Sciences
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year: '2022'
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