108 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
108 lines
3.7 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Accessibility measures have been extensively used to explore the
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outcomes of the spatial distribution of transport, jobs, and population
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groups in cities. Despite its wide use, identifying the population
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groups that most benefit from accessibility is not straightforward and
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different metrics might result in different conclusions. The present
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work aims to analyze the potential bias of using gravity-based measures
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based on revealed mobilities to identify job accessibility inequalities.
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By looking at two large and very different regions, the municipality of
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Sa similar to o Paulo (SP) and the Greater London Area (GLA), we argue
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that distance decay functions built from current trip behaviors should
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be carefully used in evaluations of accessibility inequalities because
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it may underestimate disparities between socio-occupational groups and
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also result in a misleading interpretation of impedance factors. Two
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distinct approaches were implemented to support those claims. We first
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estimate group-specific distance decay functions, considering only
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travel time. Secondly, we consider both travel time and travel cost
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relative to income to estimate zone-specific and city-specific distance
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decay functions for each one of the study areas. The population of both
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cases studies was stratified according to the NS-SEC standard to select
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the highest and the lowest socio-occupational groups and to explore job
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accessibility inequalities. It was found that higherlevel and
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lower-level socio-occupational groups of SP and GLA present striking
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differences in terms of travel times and relative travel costs, with SP
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being more unequal. By applying the distance decay function of the
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lowest level socio-occupational group to the calculations of the job
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accessibility of the highest level group, and by adding travel cost to
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the analysis, we highlight inconsistencies between gravity-based
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accessibility calculations and theory, as trips taken by different
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groups can be mistakenly associated with willingness to travel. From a
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policy perspective, our findings emphasize that accessibility
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inequalities in large urban centers, especially in the Global South, can
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be underestimated if revealed mobilities are considered to represent the
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willingness to travel and by not taking into account the relative cost
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of travel.'
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affiliation: 'Giannotti, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Metropolitan
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Studies, Lab Geospatial Anal Polytech Sch, BR-05508070 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Giannotti, Mariana; Tomasiello, Diego B.; Bittencourt, Taina A., Univ Sao Paulo,
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Ctr Metropolitan Studies, Lab Geospatial Anal Polytech Sch, BR-05508070 Sao Paulo,
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SP, Brazil.'
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article-number: '103337'
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author: Giannotti, Mariana and Tomasiello, Diego B. and Bittencourt, Taina A.
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author-email: mariana.giannotti@usp.br
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author_list:
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- family: Giannotti
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given: Mariana
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- family: Tomasiello
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given: Diego B.
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- family: Bittencourt
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given: Taina A.
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103337
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earlyaccessdate: APR 2022
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eissn: 1873-1236
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files: []
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issn: 0966-6923
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journal: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
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keywords: Accessibility measures; Inequalities; Public transport
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keywords-plus: 'JOB ACCESSIBILITY; TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY; SPATIAL EQUITY; SAO-PAULO;
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EDUCATION; COST; TIME; CITY; CARE'
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language: English
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month: MAY
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number-of-cited-references: '44'
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papis_id: c241d793289e08478922023534db352b
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ref: Giannotti2022biasestimating
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times-cited: '6'
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title: The bias in estimating accessibility inequalities using gravity-based metrics
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type: article
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unique-id: WOS:000798115800003
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usage-count-last-180-days: '7'
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usage-count-since-2013: '13'
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volume: '101'
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web-of-science-categories: Economics; Geography; Transportation
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year: '2022'
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