157 lines
5.2 KiB
YAML
157 lines
5.2 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the
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significant role that women play in providing global health care,
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barriers encountered to achieving gender equality in global health
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leadership, and to propose key recommendations for advancing gender
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equality in global health decision-making through the integration of
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gender mainstreaming, gender-based analysis, and gender transformative
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leadership (GTL) approaches. Method Data were evaluated to determine the
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participation rate of women in global health care and social sector
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roles in comparison to men. Gender equality data from the United
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Nations, World Health Organization, Organization for Economic
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Co-operation and Development, International Labour Organization, and
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other resources were analyzed to assess the impact of the coronavirus
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disease 2019 pandemic on gender equality with an emphasis on women in
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global health leadership positions, the health care and social sector,
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and gender equality measures for girls and women throughout the world.
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The literature was examined to identify persistent barriers to gender
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equality in global health leadership positions. Additionally, a review
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of the literature was conducted to identify key strategies and
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recommendations for achieving gender equality in global health
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decision-making; integrating gender mainstreaming; conducting
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gender-based analysis; and adopting GTL programs, incentives, and
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policies to advance gender equality in global health organizations.
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Findings Women represent 70\% of the health and social care sector
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global workforce but only 25\% of senior global health leadership roles.
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Since 2018, there has been a lack of meaningful change in the gender
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equality policy arenas at global health organizations that has led to
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significant increases in women serving in global leadership
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decision-making senior positions. During the pandemic in 2020, there
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were nearly 100 open vacancies-one-quarter of CEO and board chair
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positions-at global health organizations, but none were filled by women.
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Women disproportionately provide caregiving and unpaid care work, and
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the pandemic has increased this burden with women spending 15 hours a
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week more on domestic labor than men. A lack of uniform, state-sponsored
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paid parental leave and support for childcare, eldercare, and
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caregiving, which is overwhelmingly assumed by women, serve as major
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barriers to gender parity in global health leadership and the career
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advancement of women. Conclusion The pandemic has adversely impacted
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women in global health care and social sector roles. During the
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pandemic, there has been a widening of the gender pay gap, a lack of
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gains for women in global health leadership positions, an increase in
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caregiving responsibilities for women, and more women and girls have
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been pushed back into extreme poverty than men and boys. Globally, there
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is still resistance to women serving in senior leadership roles, and
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social and cultural norms, gender stereotypes, and restrictions on
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women''s rights are deeply intertwined with barriers that reinforce
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gender inequality in global health leadership. To ensure comprehensive
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human rights and that equitable workforce opportunities are available,
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the concept of gender equality must be expanded within the global health
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community to consistently include not only women and girls and men and
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boys, but also persons who identify as nonbinary and gender
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nonconforming.
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Efforts to eliminate remnants of systemic and structural gender
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discrimination must also incorporate gender mainstreaming, gender-based
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analysis, and gender transformative approaches to achieve gender
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equality throughout global health systems and organizations.'
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affiliation: 'Smith, SG (Corresponding Author), Amer Dent Educ Assoc, 655 K St NW,Suite
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800, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
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Smith, Sonya G.; Sinkford, Jeanne C., Amer Dent Educ Assoc, 655 K St NW,Suite 800,
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Washington, DC 20001 USA.
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Sinkford, Jeanne C., Howard Univ, Coll Dent, Washington, DC 20059 USA.'
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author: Smith, Sonya G. and Sinkford, Jeanne C.
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author-email: smithsg@adea.org
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author_list:
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- family: Smith
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given: Sonya G.
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- family: Sinkford
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given: Jeanne C.
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1002/jdd.13059
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eissn: 1930-7837
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files: []
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issn: 0022-0337
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journal: JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION
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keywords: 'COVID-19 and women; gender equality; gender equity; gender inequality;
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global health; gender mainstreaming; gender parity; gender
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transformative leadership; healthcare workforce; women global leaders;
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women in global health; women in the health professions; women and
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leadership'
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keywords-plus: STEREOTYPE THREAT; MEN
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language: English
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month: SEP
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number: '9'
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number-of-cited-references: '146'
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orcid-numbers: Smith, Sonya/0000-0001-8132-5496
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pages: 1144-1173
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papis_id: d41f32901bd785b948b627ede20c18de
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ref: Smith2022genderequality
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times-cited: '2'
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title: 'Gender equality in the 21st century: Overcoming barriers to women''s leadership
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in global health'
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type: article
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unique-id: WOS:000859923100013
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usage-count-last-180-days: '13'
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usage-count-since-2013: '27'
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volume: '86'
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web-of-science-categories: Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine
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year: '2022'
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