144 lines
4.8 KiB
YAML
144 lines
4.8 KiB
YAML
abstract: 'Background On average, intimate partner violence affects nearly one in
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three women worldwide within their lifetime. But the distribution of
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partner violence is highly uneven, with a prevalence of less than 4\% in
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the past 12 months in many high-income countries compared with at least
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40\% in some low-income settings. Little is known about the factors that
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drive the geographical distribution of partner violence or how
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macro-level factors might combine with individual-level factors to
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affect individual women''s risk of intimate partner violence. We aimed to
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assess the role that women''s status and other gender-related factors
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might have in defining levels of partner violence among settings.
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Methods We compiled data for the 12 month prevalence of partner violence
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from 66 surveys (88 survey years) from 44 countries, representing 481
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205 women between Jan 1, 2000, and Apr 17, 2013. Only surveys with
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comparable questions and state-of-the-art methods to ensure safety and
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encourage violence disclosure were used. With linear and quantile
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regression, we examined associations between macro-level measures of
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socioeconomic development, women''s status, gender inequality, and
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gender-related norms and the prevalence of current partner violence at a
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population level. Multilevel modelling and tests for interaction were
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used to explore whether and how macro-level factors affect
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individual-level risk. The outcome for this analysis was the population
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prevalence of current partner violence, defined as the percentage of
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ever-partnered women (excluding widows without a current partner), aged
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from 15 years to 49 years who were victims of at least one act of
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physical or sexual violence within the past 12 months.
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Findings Gender-related factors at the national and subnational level
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help to predict the population prevalence of physical and sexual partner
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violence within the past 12 months. Especially predictive of the
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geographical distribution of partner violence are norms related to male
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authority over female behaviour (0.102, p<0.0001), norms justifying wife
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beating (0.263, p<0.0001), and the extent to which law and practice
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disadvantage women compared with men in access to land, property, and
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other productive resources (0.271, p<0.0001). The strong negative
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association between current partner violence and gross domestic product
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(GDP) per person (-0.055, p=0.0009) becomes non-significant in the
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presence of norm-related measures (-0.015, p=0.472), suggesting that GDP
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per person is a marker for social transformations that accompany
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economic growth and is unlikely to be causally related to levels of
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partner violence. We document several cross-level effects, including
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that a girl''s education is more strongly associated with reduced risk of
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partner violence in countries where wife abuse is normative than where
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it is not. Likewise, partner violence is less prevalent in countries
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with a high proportion of women in the formal work force, but working
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for cash increases a woman''s risk in countries where few women work.
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Interpretation Our findings suggest that policy makers could reduce
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violence by eliminating gender bias in ownership rights and addressing
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norms that justify wife beating and male control of female behaviour.
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Prevention planners should place greater emphasis on policy reforms at
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the macro-level and take cross-level effects into account when designing
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interventions. Copyright (C) Heise et al. Open access article published
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under the terms of CC BY'
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affiliation: 'Heise, LL (Corresponding Author), London Sch Hyg \& Trop Med, Dept Global
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Hlth \& Dev, London WC1H 9SH, England.
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Heise, Lori L., London Sch Hyg \& Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth \& Dev, London WC1H
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9SH, England.
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Kotsadam, Andreas, Univ Oslo, Dept Econ, Oslo, Norway.'
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author: Heise, Lori L. and Kotsadam, Andreas
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author-email: lori.heise@lshtm.ac.uk
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author_list:
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- family: Heise
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given: Lori L.
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- family: Kotsadam
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given: Andreas
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da: '2023-09-28'
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doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00013-3
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esi-highly-cited-paper: Y
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esi-hot-paper: N
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files: []
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issn: 2214-109X
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journal: LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
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keywords-plus: 'GENDER INEQUALITY; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; DETERMINANTS; AGGRESSION;
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EQUALITY; INDIA'
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language: English
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month: JUN
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number: '6'
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number-of-cited-references: '36'
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pages: E332-E340
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papis_id: 994d241ec86838722fd90bb93878a3bf
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ref: Heise2015crossnationalmultile
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researcherid-numbers: Heise, LORI/AAI-6251-2020
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times-cited: '307'
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title: 'Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: an analysis
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of data from population-based surveys'
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type: article
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unique-id: WOS:000354827300014
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usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
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usage-count-since-2013: '82'
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volume: '3'
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web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
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year: '2015'
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