chore(repo): Simplify directory structure

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author: Albuja Echeverria, W. S.
year: 2021
title: "Ex ante evaluation of the basic income in Ecuador: Effects on poverty and inequality"
publisher: Trimestre Economico
uri: https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v88i351.1142
pubtype: article
discipline: economics
country: Ecuador
period:
maxlength:
targeting: explicit
group: poor people
data: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (ENEMDU)
design: simulation
method: microsimulation, behaviorless, counterfactual; Gini coefficient
sample: nr
unit: individual
representativeness: national
causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations: ex ante model by design has to make assumptions about certain mediators/mechanisms
observation:
- intervention: ubi
institutional: 1
structural: 0
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: income; poverty
findings: monthly transfer equal to value of income poverty line for adults and 30% for minors would significantly decrease income poverty and inequality; increase middle class
channels:
direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes: ex ante study
annotation: |

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author: Clibborn, S., & Wright, C. F.
year: 2022
title: The efficiencies and inequities of australias temporary labour migration regime
publisher: Australian Economic Review
uri: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12466
pubtype: article
discipline: economics
country: Australia
period:
maxlength:
targeting:
group:
data:
design:
method:
sample:
unit:
representativeness:
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention: migration policies
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: migration; income
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures:
findings:
channels:
direction: # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation:

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author: Dumas, S. E., Maranga, A., Mbullo, P., Collins, S., Wekesa, P., Onono, M., & Young, S. L.
year: 2018
title: "“Men are in front at eating time, but not when it comes to rearing the chicken”: Unpacking the gendered benefits and costs of livestock ownership in kenya"
publisher: Food and Nutrition Bulletin
uri: https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572117737428
pubtype: article
discipline: health
country: Kenya
period: 2013-2016
maxlength: 12
targeting: explicit
group: female smallholders
data: interviews
design: qualitative
method: focus group discussion, pile sorts, phito-elicitation interviews
sample: 18
unit: individual
representativeness: local
causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention: direct transfer (livestock)
institutional: 0
structural: 0
agency: 1
inequality: gender
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: hours worked
findings: increased households' financial security, social benefits, human time and labor savings; some negative time and labor impacts for women; benefits mostly impactful in longer-term household resilience not short-term benefits; remaining restrictions on female livestock ownership rights, control over income
channels: livestock draft power performing traditionally female physically demanding tasks; livestock care (time and labour) mostly borne by women
direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |
A qualitative study on the effects of providing direct transfers in livestock to female smallholders in Kenya, on hours worked, households' resilience and economic and social empowerment of women.
It finds that providing households with additional livestock

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author: Eckardt, M. S.
year: 2022
title: Minimum wages in an automating economy
publisher: Journal of public economic theory
uri: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12528
pubtype: article
discipline: economics
country: United States
period:
maxlength: nr
targeting: explicit
group: low-skill workers
data: nr
design: simulation
method: task-based framework model
sample:
unit:
representativeness: national
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention: minimum wage
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: income share (low-skill workers)
findings: decreases if large displacement effects through machines/high-skill workers
channels: displacement effects; changed demand; non-flexibility of wages
direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
- intervention: minimum wage
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: absolute wages (high-skill/low-skill)
findings: inequality decreases
channels:
direction: # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes: only framework-based not on empirical data
annotation: |
A study on the effects of minimum wage on income inequality, taking into account the effects of various kinds of automation within the economy.
The study considers several types of automation, with automation on the extensive margin (automation of more tasks) leading to decreased wage inequality between low-skill and high-skill earners if it results in decreased overall outputs due to wage compression, and vice versa for increased total outputs.
Automation on the intensive margin (increased productivity of automating existing tasks) has ambiguous effects on the employment share of low-skill workers (who are possibly displaced) and a higher minimum wage here decreases the inequality between low-skill wages and higher-skill wages.
However, it may also result in a ripple effect which results in the overall share of income of low-skill workers not increasing, if more machines or high-skill workers displace them.
Then, while the wage differences may decrease, the low-skill workers share of national income is identified as non-increasing and the share of low-skill employment could decrease.
The effects on low-skill income share under a system of minimum wage are thus primarily dependent on the amount of low-skill job displacement, as well as the effects of the minimum wage on overall economic output in the first place.
Ultimately, the author also suggests the institution of low-skill worker training programmes either targeting enhanced productivity for their existing tasks ('deepening skills') or enabling their capability for undertaking tasks previously only assigned to high-skill workers ('expanding skills') which would respectively counteract the negative automation effects on both margins.

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author: Elveren, A. Y.
year: 2013
title: "A critical analysis of the pension system in Turkey from a gender equality perspective"
publisher: Womens Studies International Forum
uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.04.003
pubtype: article
discipline: gender studies
country: Turkey
period: 1983-2012
maxlength:
targeting: implicit
group: women
data: Turkstat 2013
design: qualitative
method:
sample:
unit: individual
representativeness: national
causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations: no new quantitative results; no robustness checks
observation:
- intervention: social security (pensions)
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: gender
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: employment (female labour participation rate)
findings: social security system excludes majority of women, seen as dependents of husbands/fathers (esp in case of house-wives)
channels: lower access to private pension system; lower wage and shorter paid work life; women lose access to survivor's benefits/widow entitlement when starting work
direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes: reforms looked at include Civil Code (2001), Labor Law (2003), Penal Code (2004)
annotation: |
A qualitative analysis of the impacts of social protection reforms, especially pensions, in Turkey on the gender equality and gender pay gap on in pensions and on the labour market.
It finds that, while policy efforts are made in the Turkish system to strive toward gender 'neutralization' in law, the gender-blindness of the implementations obstructs genuine equality.
The social security system still excludes the majority of women, especially those who are seen as dependents of their husbands or fathers (especially house-wives).
Aside from lower access, women's generally lower wages and shorter paid work lives also lower benefits, especially those from pensions.
Additionally, while men are subject to means-testing for receiving widowers' entitlements and only receive survivor's benefits until age 18,
women receive the entitlement until they start working, or are married ---
another factor which may contribute to a skewed female labour market participation rate.

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author: Mhando, F., Dovel, K., Mayo-Wilson, L. J., Rwehumbiza, D., Thompson, N., Nwaozuru, U., Rehani, A., Iwelunmor, J., Nelson, L. E., & Conserve, D. F.
year: 2020
title: "Microfinance and peer health leadership intervention implementation for men in dar es salaam, Tanzania: A qualitative assessment of perceived economic and health outcomes"
publisher: American Journal of Mens Health
uri: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320936892
pubtype: article
discipline: health
country: Tanzania
period: 30
maxlength:
targeting: explicit
group: low-income men
data: baseline survey, follow-up FGD
design: qualitative
method: unstructured focus group discussions
sample: 27
unit: individual
representativeness: subnational, urban
causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations: limited generalizability
observation:
- intervention: microfinance
institutional: 0
structural: 0
agency: 1
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: employment; income
findings:
channels: decreased
direction: # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
- intervention: training (business, financial)
institutional: 0
structural: 0
agency: 1
inequality: income
type: # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: employment; income
findings: entrepreneurial training and business activity increased self-assessment on employability and income
channels: increased agency
direction: # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |

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author: Saleh, M. C., & Bruyere, S. M.
year: 2018
title: Leveraging employer practices in global regulatory frameworks to improve employment outcomes for people with disabilities
publisher: Social Inclusion
uri: https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1201
discipline: sociology
country:
period:
maxlength:
targeting:
group:
data:
design:
method:
sample:
unit:
representativeness:
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention:
institutional:
structural:
agency:
inequality:
type: # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures:
findings:
channels:
direction: # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |
A global regulatory overview of main barriers and facilitators for a) increasing employment equality for disabled people and b) increasing workplace equality for disabled people.

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author: de Geus, C. J. C., Huysmans, M. A., van Rijssen, H. J., & Anema, J. R.
year: 2022
title: "Return to work factors and vocational rehabilitation interventions for long-term, partially disabled workers: A modified Delphi study among vocational rehabilitation professionals"
publisher: Bmc Public Health
uri: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13295-6
discipline: health policy
country:
period:
maxlength:
targeting: explicit
group: long-term disabled workers
data:
design:
method: Delphi-study
sample:
unit:
representativeness:
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention:
institutional:
structural:
agency:
inequality:
type: # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: rtw
findings:
channels:
direction:
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: