feat(notes): Add definition representativeness, validity

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Marty Oehme 2024-02-08 15:48:46 +01:00
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@ -185,3 +185,75 @@ forms of inequality:
- Likert scale (1-4/1-5 scale questionnaire)
- Cronbach's alpha test score (reports coherence of set of items in a group)
- Binary answer (yes/no)
## Representativeness
In academic studies, representativeness can be assessed at various levels,
depending on the scope and objectives of the research. Here are the different
levels of representativeness commonly considered in academic studies:
1. National Representativeness: This level of representativeness indicates that the
sample used in the study is reflective of the entire population of a specific
country. The findings are intended to be generalizable to the entire nation.
2. Subnational Representativeness: At this level, the study aims to be
representative of a specific subnational region within a country, such as a state,
province, or city. The findings are intended to be applicable to the population
within that specific geographic area.
3. Regional Representativeness: Some studies may focus on representing a broader
region, such as a group of countries within a certain geographical area. The
findings are intended to be generalizable to the population within that regional
context.
4. Organizational or Institutional Representativeness: In some cases, studies may
aim to be representative of specific organizations, institutions, or industries.
The findings are intended to be applicable to similar entities within the same
category.
5. Demographic Representativeness: This level of representativeness focuses on
ensuring that the sample used in the study is representative of specific
demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, ethnicity, income level, or
education level.
6. Sectoral Representativeness: Some studies may aim to be representative of
specific sectors or industries, such as healthcare, education, finance, or
technology. The findings are intended to be applicable to similar sectors or
industries.
These different levels of representativeness help researchers and readers
understand the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to
different populations, regions, or contexts. It is important for researchers to
clearly define the level of representativeness they are aiming for and to use
appropriate methods to achieve it.
## Validity
Internal validity and external validity are both important concepts in research
design and are used to assess the quality and generalizability of study findings.
Here's a brief explanation of the differences between the two:
Internal Validity:
- Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures the
relationship between the variables it is investigating, without the influence of
confounding factors.
- It assesses whether the observed effects or outcomes in a study can be attributed
to the manipulation of the independent variable, rather than to other factors.
- Factors that can impact internal validity include experimental design, control of
extraneous variables, and the accuracy of measurements and data collection methods.
External Validity:
- External validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be
generalized to other populations, settings, or conditions beyond the specific
sample and context studied.
- It assesses the degree to which the results of a study can be applied to
different individuals, groups, or situations.
- Factors that can impact external validity include the representativeness of the
sample, the ecological validity of the study conditions, and the relevance of the
findings to real-world settings.
In summary, internal validity focuses on the accuracy and reliability of the study's
findings within the specific context of the research, while external validity
focuses on the generalizability and applicability of the findings to broader
populations or settings. Both types of validity are important considerations in
research design and interpretation of study results.