feat(script): Extract Hardoy2015

02-data/intermediate/SAMPLE.bib

@@ -6017,7 +6017,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected}
   urldate = {2023-11-24},
   abstract = {We ask whether cheaper child care can spur labor supply of mothers in an economy with high female labor supply. We exploit exogenous variation in child care prices induced by a public reform. A triple difference approach is put forward. The results show that reduced child care prices led to a rise in labor supply of mothers by approximately 5 \%. A ``back-of-the-envelope'' calculation estimates an elasticity of approximately -0.25, which is at the lower end compared to other studies, suggesting that labor supply is less elastic when female employment is high. Since a capacity-increase was introduced at the same time, the positive labor supply effect may be a result of both reduced prices and increased capacity.},
   langid = {english},
-  keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::generational,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  keywords = {country::Norway,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,type::maternity\_benefit},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/I8FLUQ56/Hardoy_Schøne_2015_Enticing even higher female labor supply.pdf}
 }
 

02-data/processed/relevant/Hardoy2015.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+author: Hardoy, I., & Schøne, P. 
+year: 2015
+title: "Enticing even higher female labor supply: The impact of cheaper day care" 
+publisher: Review of Economics of the Household
+uri: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9215-8
+pubtype: article
+discipline: economics
+
+country: Norway
+period: 1995-2006
+maxlength: 48
+targeting: implicit
+group: mothers
+data: Norwegian Labor and Welfare Service (NAV); Register for Employers and Employees
+
+design: quasi-experimental
+method: triple-difference approach
+sample: 200_530
+unit: individual
+representativeness: national
+causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
+
+theory:
+limitations: simultaneous capacity extension may bias results
+observation:
+  - intervention: subsidy (child care)
+    institutional: 1
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: gender; education; migration
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: employment probability
+    findings: child care price reduction increased female labour supply (about 5pct); no impact on mothers already participating in labour market; stronger impact on low-education mothers, low-income households; no significant impact on immigrant mothers
+    channels: day care expenditure larger part of low-income/-education households creating larger impact; may also be due to average lower employment rates for those households
+    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+
+notes:
+annotation: |
+  A study on the labour force impacts for women of reductions in child care costs in Norway.
+  It finds that overall the reductions in child care cost increased the female labour supply in the country (by about 5 per cent),
+  while there were no significant impacts on mothers which already participated in the labour market.
+  It also finds some internal heterogeneity, with the impact being strongest for low-education mothers and low-income households,
+  a finding the authors expected due to day care expenditure representing a larger part of those households' budgets thus creating a larger impact.
+  Though it may alternatively also be generated by the lower average pre-intervention employment rate for those households.
+  Interestingly when disaggregating by native and immigrant mothers there is only a significant impact on native mothers,
+  though the authors do not form an inference on why this difference would be.
+  A limitation of the study is that there was a simultaneous child care capacity increase in the country,
+  which may bias the labour market results due to being affected by both the cost reduction and the capacity increase.

02-data/supplementary/lib.bib

@@ -6113,7 +6113,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected}
   urldate = {2023-11-24},
   abstract = {We ask whether cheaper child care can spur labor supply of mothers in an economy with high female labor supply. We exploit exogenous variation in child care prices induced by a public reform. A triple difference approach is put forward. The results show that reduced child care prices led to a rise in labor supply of mothers by approximately 5 \%. A ``back-of-the-envelope'' calculation estimates an elasticity of approximately -0.25, which is at the lower end compared to other studies, suggesting that labor supply is less elastic when female employment is high. Since a capacity-increase was introduced at the same time, the positive labor supply effect may be a result of both reduced prices and increased capacity.},
   langid = {english},
-  keywords = {inequality::gender,inequality::generational,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  keywords = {country::Norway,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::EU,relevant,type::maternity\_benefit},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/I8FLUQ56/Hardoy_Schøne_2015_Enticing even higher female labor supply.pdf}
 }
 

scoping_review.qmd

@@ -671,6 +671,17 @@ This suggests that the intervention reduced the opportunity costs for delaying t
 Some potential biases of the study are its inability to account for child-care costs, as well as not being able to fully exclude selection bias into motherhood.
 There also remains the potential of results being biased through pre-birth labour supply effects or the results of the financial crisis, which may create a down-ward bias for either the short- or long-term effects.
 
+In a study on the labour force impacts for women @Hardoy2015 look at the effects of reducing child care costs in Norway.
+It finds that overall the reductions in child care cost increased the female labour supply in the country (by about 5 per cent),
+while there were no significant impacts on mothers which already participated in the labour market.
+It also finds some internal heterogeneity, with the impact being strongest for low-education mothers and low-income households,
+a finding the authors expected due to day care expenditure representing a larger part of those households' budgets thus creating a larger impact.
+Though it may alternatively also be generated by the lower average pre-intervention employment rate for those households.
+Interestingly when disaggregating by native and immigrant mothers there is only a significant impact on native mothers,
+though the authors do not form an inference on why this difference would be.
+A limitation of the study is that there was a simultaneous child care capacity increase in the country,
+which may bias the labour market results due to being affected by both the cost reduction and the capacity increase.
+
 @Clark2019 undertake an experimental study on the impacts of providing childcare vouchers to poor women in urban Kenya, estimating the impacts on their economic empowerment.
 The empowerment is measured through disaggregated analyses of maternal income, employment probability and hours worked.
 It finds that, for married mothers there was a significantly positive effect on employment probability and hours worked, suggesting their increased ability to work through lower childcare costs increasing personal agency.