feat(data): Extract Wang2020

02-data/intermediate/zotero-library.bib

@@ -31776,7 +31776,7 @@ policy recc:
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-  keywords = {country::Britain,country::Denmark,inequality::disability,inequality::spatial,region::EU,sample::database,TODO::full-text},
+  keywords = {country::Britain,country::Denmark,inequality::disability,inequality::spatial,issue::inequality,issue::policy,out::full-text,region::EU,sample::database},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/FPQ2F5UC/Lindsay et al_2015_Assessing the evidence base on health, employability and the labour market -.pdf}
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@@ -43625,7 +43625,7 @@ does NOT look at inequality outcomes}
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   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/W2L8FDEA/Rutledge2017_Parental_influence_on_female_vocational_intentions_in_the_Arabian_Gulf.pdf}
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@@ -51083,7 +51083,7 @@ does NOT look at specific policy interventions}
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+  keywords = {country::China,done::extracted,inequality::income,inequality::spatial,region::AP,relevant,sample::database,type::structural,type::subsidy},
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02-data/processed/relevant/Wang2020.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+author: Wang, C., Deng, M., & Deng, J. 
+year: 2020
+title: Factor reallocation and structural transformation implications of grain subsidies in China
+publisher: Journal of Asian Economics
+uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101248
+pubtype: article
+discipline: economics
+
+country: China
+period: 2007-2016
+maxlength: 108
+targeting: implicit
+group: rural workers
+data: TERMCN-Land database; Chinese Input-Output Table 2007
+
+design: simulation
+method: historical and TERMCN-Land simulation model
+sample:
+unit: sector
+representativeness:
+causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
+
+theory:
+limitations: aggregate national employment exogenous to model; strong correlation to Chinese economic characteristics makes generalisability difficult
+observation:
+  - intervention: subsidy (firm-level)
+    institutional: 0
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: income; spatial
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: income ratio
+    findings: the rural-urban income inequality is exacerbated if grain subsidies are removed; over the long term this increase attenuates but income ratio remains decreased for rural labour
+    channels: displacement of rural unskilled labour; unskilled labour supply increase, labour difficult to absorb into manufacturing/service sectors; low income/price elasticity for agr. products lower rural income
+    direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+
+notes:
+annotation: |
+  A simulation on the effects of ending subsidies for the agricultural grain sectors in China, analysing among others the effects on rural-urban income inequality.
+  The study finds that while it would over time boost the industrial economic structural transformations, rural-urban income inequality is indeed exacerbated if grain subsidies are to be removed, especially in the short term.
+  Over the longer term the real wage decreases of rural workers would attenuate, indicating that the rural income ratio would increase but fail to completely close the gap.
+  The authors suggest this is on the one hand due to the displacement of rural unskilled labour, leading to an increase of unskilled labour supply which is difficult to absorb into the manufacturing or service sectors,
+  while on the other hand the low income and price elasticity of agricultural products drives down overall rural incomes.
+  Thus, the authors uncover a trade-off between national economic output over the long term which they identify as adversely affected by the subsidies,
+  and the rural-urban income ratios which the subsidies help decrease, though with decreasing contributions over time.
+  Some limitations of the study include the necessity to assume static national employment and, more importantly, 
+  a limited generalisability due to simulating the specific Chinese structural economic characteristics in the resulting model.

scoping_review.qmd

@@ -817,6 +817,15 @@ In Mexico, while the gap widened during the 1990s, it began closing again afterw
 The differences in wage gap effects compared to both other countries and the respective country's physical labour market requirements show that contextual structural changes played a large role in each case:
 with erstwhile reduced returns on Brazilian returns for brain intensive occupations, the introduction of a female-lead manufacturing sector in Mexico in the 90s, and widely diverging basic labour market skill structures in Thailand and India necessitating subsistence-oriented participation; the results show impacts of structural changes, though limited through a variety of mediating factors influencing each case.
 
+@Wang2020 conduct a simulation to examine the impact of terminating subsidies for the agricultural grain sectors in China, with a particular focus on analyzing the effects on rural-urban income inequality.
+The findings indicate that the removal of grain subsidies would lead to gradual improvements in the industrial economic structure.
+However, in the short term, it is observed that rural-urban income inequality is exacerbated.
+Over an extended period, the decrease in real wages for rural workers would alleviate, suggesting an increase in the rural income ratio, yet the gap remains incompletely closed.
+The study attributes this outcome to the displacement of rural unskilled labor, resulting in an increased supply of unskilled labor that is challenging to absorb into the manufacturing or service sectors.
+Additionally, the low income and price elasticity of agricultural products contribute to an overall decline in rural incomes.
+Consequently, the authors identify a trade-off between long-term national economic output, adversely affected by the removal of subsidies, and the reduction in rural-urban income ratios facilitated by the subsidies, albeit with diminishing contributions over time.
+Limitations of the study include the need to assume static national employment and, notably, limited generalizability due to the simulation of specific Chinese structural economic characteristics in the model.
+
 ### Education
 
 <!-- education -> gender economic empowerment -->